The VoLTE (Voice over LTE) Ecosystem: 2016 - 2030 - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts

Published: Oct, 2016 | Pages: 217 | Publisher: SNS Research
Industry: Telecommunications And Wireless | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)

VoLTE (Voice over LTE) technology allows a voice call to be placed over an LTE network, enabling mobile operators to reduce reliance on legacy circuit-switched networks.  Powered by IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) architecture, VoLTE brings a host of benefits to operators ranging from the ability to refarm legacy 2G and 3G spectrum to offering their subscribers a differentiated service experience through capabilities such as HD voice and video telephony.

First deployed by South Korean operators in 2012, VoLTE is beginning to gain momentum globally. As of Q4’2016, more than 80 mobile operators have commercially launched VoLTE services, and several roaming and interoperability agreements are already in place.

SNS Research estimates that VoLTE service revenue will grow at a CAGR of 34% between 2016 and 2020. By the end of 2020, VoLTE subscribers will account for more than $200 Billion in revenue. Although traditional voice services will constitute a major proportion of this figure, nearly 15% of the revenue will be driven by video calling and supplementary services.

The “VoLTE (Voice over LTE) Ecosystem: 2016 - 2030 - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the VoLTE ecosystem including enabling technologies, key market drivers, challenges, collaborative initiatives, regulatory landscape, standardization, opportunities, operator case studies, future roadmap, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for VoLTE smartphone shipments, subscriptions, service revenue and infrastructure investments from 2016 till 2030. The forecasts cover 7 individual submarkets and 6 regions.

The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report.

Topics Covered

The report covers the following topics: 
 
- VoLTE ecosystem
 - Market drivers and barriers
 - VoLTE infrastructure, devices, roaming and interconnection technology
 - Case studies of 20 commercial VoLTE deployments
 - OTT mobile voice and video services
 - Complimentary technologies including Wi-Fi calling, RCS and WebRTC
 - MCPTT (Mission Critical Push-to-Talk) voice services
 - VoLTE services over MVNO networks
 - Service assurance platforms for VoLTE
 - Regulatory landscape, collaborative initiatives and standardization
 - Industry roadmap and value chain
 - Profiles and strategies of 100 leading ecosystem players including device OEMs, VoLTE solution providers and mobile operators
 - Strategic recommendations for VoLTE solution providers and mobile operators
 - Market analysis and forecasts from 2016 till 2030

Forecast Segmentation

VoLTE subscription, service revenue and infrastructure revenue forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories:

VoLTE Services
 
- Voice Telephony
 - Video and Supplementary Services

VoLTE Infrastructure

 - CSCF (Call Session Control Function) Servers
 - SBCs (Session Border Controllers)
 - VoLTE Application Servers
 - Other IMS Elements (HSS, BGCF, MGCF & MRF)
 - VoLTE Capable PCRF (Policy & Charging Rules Function) Solutions

Regional Markets
 
- Asia Pacific
 - Eastern Europe
 - Latin & Central America
 - Middle East & Africa
 - North America
 - Western Europe

Key Questions Answered 

The report provides answers to the following key questions:
 - How big is the VoLTE opportunity?
 - What trends, challenges and barriers are influencing its growth?
 - How is the ecosystem evolving by segment and region?
 - What will the market size be in 2020 and at what rate will it grow?
 - Which regions and countries will see the highest percentage of growth?
 - How will VoLTE capable smartphone shipments grow over time?
 - Who are the key market players and what are their strategies?
 - How can VoLTE help operators in reducing the flow of voice subscribers to OTT application providers?
 - What are the prospects of Wi-Fi calling, RCS and WebRTC?
 - What much will operators invest in VoLTE service assurance solutions?
 - How can mobile operators and MVNOs capitalize on VoLTE to drive revenue growth?
 - How can VoLTE help operators in refarming their 2G and 3G spectrum assets?
 - What is the status of international roaming and VoLTE-to-VoLTE interconnection agreements?
 - What strategies should VoLTE solution providers and mobile operators adopt to remain competitive?

Key Findings 

The report has the following key findings: 
 - By 2020, SNS Research estimates that VoLTE services will account for over $200 Billion in annual service revenue, as mobile operators remain committed to VoLTE as the long term solution to secure a fully native IP-based telephony experience.
 - As the transition to VoLTE accelerates, mobile operators have already begun shutting down their legacy networks in a bid to reallocate additional spectrum to their LTE networks. 
 - Japan and South Korea have already shut down their 2G networks, and multiple operators in other parts of the world, including the United States, are in the processing of switching off 2G services. Some operators, such as Telenor Norway, are seeking the closure of their 3G networks as early as 2020.
 - Nearly all VoLTE operators are integrating their VoLTE services with Wi-Fi calling in a bid to offer voice services in areas where their licensed spectrum coverage is limited.
 - The vendor ecosystem is continuing to consolidate with several acquisitions such as Sonus Networks’ recent takeover of IP communications specialist Taqua.

List of Companies Mentioned

3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)
Accedian Networks
Affirmed Networks
Alcatel-Lucent
ALEPO
Altair Semiconductor
Amdocs
Anite
Anritsu Corporation
Apple
Aptilo Networks
Aricent
Ascom
Astellia
Asus (ASUSTeK Computer)
AT&T
AT&T Mobility
Belgacom
BICS
Broadcom
BroadSoft
BT Group
CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)
CellMining
Cellwize
CENX
CEVA
China Mobile
China Mobile Hong Kong
Cirpack
Cisco Systems
D2 Technologies
Dell Technologies
Dialogic Corporation
DigiTalk
DigitalRoute
DT (Deutsche Telekom)
Du (Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company)
Ecrio
EE
Empirix
Ericsson
Etisalat
ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)
EXFO
F5 Networks
Fujitsu
GCT Semiconductor
GENBAND
Gigamon
GL Communications
Google
GSMA
Hitachi
HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
HTC Corporation
Huawei
iBasis
IBM
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Imagination Technologies
IMSWorkX
InfoVista
Intel Corporation
InterDigital
Interop Technologies
Iskratel
Italtel
ITU (International Telecommunications Union)
Ixia
Jibe Mobile
KDDI Corporation
Keysight Technologies
Kineto Wireless
KISDI (Korea Information Society Development Institute)
KPN
KT Corporation
Lenovo
LG Electronics
LG Uplus
Mavenir Systems
Metaswitch Networks
MetroPCS Communications
Mitel Networks Corporation
Mobileum
Monolith Software
Motorola Mobility
Mushroom Networks
MYCOM OSI
Napatech
NEC Corporation
NetScout Systems
Newfield Wireless
NewNet Communication Technologies
NewPace Technology Development
Nexus Telecom 
Nokia Networks
NTT DoCoMo
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Software
OpenCloud
Openet
Optulink 
Oracle Communications
Oracle Corporation
Orange
Orange Romania
Pantech
Polystar
Qualcomm
Quortus
RADCOM
Radisys Corporation
Redknee Solutions
Reliance Industries
Reliance Jio Infocomm
Rogers Communications
Rohde & Schwarz 
Samsung Electronics
Sandvine
Sansay
Sequans Communications
Sharp Corporation
SIGOS
Singtel Group
SK Telecom
Skype
SmarTone
SoftBank Group
Sonus Networks
Sony Mobile Communications
Spirent Communications
SPIRIT DSP
Spreadtrum Communications 
Sprint Corporation
Summit Tech
Swisscom
Syniverse
SysMech
Systemics-PAB
Taqua
Tektronix Communications
Telefónica Germany
Telefónica Group
Telefónica UK
Telstra
Three Hong Kong
T-Mobile Czech Republic
T-Mobile USA
TNS (Transaction Network Services)
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association of Korea)
Verizon Communications
Verizon Wireless
Viavi Solutions
VMware
Vodafone Czech Republic
Vodafone Germany
Vodafone Group
Vodafone Hutchison Australia
Vodafone Italy
Vodafone Portugal
Vodafone Romania
Vodafone Spain
Vodafone Turkey
Vodafone UK
VoiceAge Corporation
Voipfuture
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance)
Wi-Fi Alliance
WIT Software
x-Mobility
ZTE

 Table of Contents		

Chapter 1: Introduction	13
1.1	Executive Summary	13
1.2	Topics Covered	15
1.3	Forecast Segmentation	16
1.4	Key Questions Answered	17
1.5	Key Findings	18
1.6	Methodology	19
1.7	Target Audience	20
1.8	Companies & Organizations Mentioned	21
		
Chapter 2: An Overview of VoLTE	24
2.1	What is VoLTE?	24
2.2	Architectural Evolution of VoLTE	24
2.2.1	CSFB (Circuit-Switched Fallback): The First Step Towards VoLTE	24
2.2.2	The Push From CDMA Operators	25
2.2.3	Towards an IMS Based VoLTE Solution	26
2.2.4	SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity)	27
2.2.5	Integrating Video Telephony	28
2.3	Key Enabling Technologies	28
2.3.1	VoLTE Infrastructure	28
2.3.1.1	IMS Core: CSCF, HSS, BGCF & MGCF	29
2.3.1.2	VoLTE Application Servers	30
2.3.1.3	SBC (Session Border Controller)	30
2.3.1.4	MRF (Media Resource Function)	30
2.3.1.5	PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function)	30
2.3.2	VoLTE Devices	31
2.3.3	Roaming & Interconnection Technology	32
2.3.3.1	LBO (Local Breakout)	32
2.3.3.2	S8HR (S8 Home Routing)	32
2.4	Market Growth Drivers	33
2.4.1	Spectral Efficiency & Cost Reduction	33
2.4.2	Enabling HD Voice, Video Calling & Rich IP Communications	33
2.4.3	Improved Battery Life	34
2.4.4	Integration with Wi-Fi: Enhanced Indoor Voice Coverage	34
2.4.5	Bundling Voice with Other Services	34
2.4.6	Fighting the OTT Threat	35
2.5	Market Barriers	35
2.5.1	Initial Lack of Compatible Devices	35
2.5.2	Roaming & Interconnect Issues	36
2.5.3	Limited Revenue Potential	36
2.5.4	Service Assurance Challenges	36
		
Chapter 3: Collaboration, Standardization & Regulatory Landscape	38
3.1	3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)	38
3.1.1	Release 8	38
3.1.2	Release 9	38
3.1.3	Release 10	39
3.1.4	Release 11	39
3.1.5	Release 12, 13 & Beyond	39
3.2	GSMA	40
3.2.1	Feature Requirements	40
3.2.1.1	IR.92: IMS Profile for Voice and SMS	40
3.2.1.2	IR.94: IMS Profile for Conversational Video Service	41
3.2.2	Roaming, Interworking & Other Guidelines	41
3.2.2.1	IR.64: IMS Service Centralization & Continuity Guidelines	41
3.2.2.2	IR.65: IMS Roaming & Interworking Guidelines	41
3.2.2.3	IR.88: LTE Roaming Guidelines	41
3.3	VoLTE Interworking Technology Consultation Group, Korea	42
		
Chapter 4: VoLTE Deployment Case Studies	43
4.1	AT&T	43
4.1.1	Service Launch Strategy	43
4.1.2	Vendor Selection	43
4.1.3	Future Prospects	43
4.2	China Mobile	45
4.2.1	Service Launch Strategy	45
4.2.2	Vendor Selection	45
4.2.3	Future Prospects	46
4.3	DT (Deutsche Telekom)	47
4.3.1	Service Launch Strategy	47
4.3.2	Vendor Selection	47
4.3.3	Future Prospects	48
4.4	Du (Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company)	49
4.4.1	Service Launch Strategy	49
4.4.2	Vendor Selection	49
4.4.3	Future Prospects	49
4.5	EE	50
4.5.1	Service Launch Strategy	50
4.5.2	Vendor Selection	50
4.5.3	Future Prospects	50
4.6	KDDI Corporation	51
4.6.1	Service Launch Strategy	51
4.6.2	Vendor Selection	51
4.6.3	Future Prospects	51
4.7	KT Corporation	52
4.7.1	Service Launch Strategy	52
4.7.2	Vendor Selection	52
4.7.3	Future Prospects	52
4.8	LG Uplus	54
4.8.1	Service Launch Strategy	54
4.8.2	Vendor Selection	54
4.8.3	Future Prospects	54
4.9	NTT DoCoMo	55
4.9.1	Service Launch Strategy	55
4.9.2	Vendor Selection	55
4.9.3	Future Prospects	55
4.10	Orange	57
4.10.1	Service Launch Strategy	57
4.10.2	Vendor Selection	57
4.10.3	Future Prospects	57
4.11	Reliance Jio Infocomm	59
4.11.1	Service Launch Strategy	59
4.11.2	Vendor Selection	59
4.11.3	Future Prospects	59
4.12	Rogers Communications	61
4.12.1	Service Launch Strategy	61
4.12.2	Vendor Selection	61
4.12.3	Future Prospects	61
4.13	Singtel Group	62
4.13.1	Service Launch Strategy	62
4.13.2	Vendor Selection	62
4.13.3	Future Prospects	62
4.14	SK Telecom	64
4.14.1	Service Launch Strategy	64
4.14.2	Vendor Selection	64
4.14.3	Future Prospects	64
4.15	SoftBank Group	66
4.15.1	Service Launch Strategy	66
4.15.2	Vendor Selection	66
4.15.3	Future Prospects	67
4.16	Swisscom	68
4.16.1	Service Launch Strategy	68
4.16.2	Vendor Selection	68
4.16.3	Future Prospects	68
4.17	Telefónica Group	69
4.17.1	Service Launch Strategy	69
4.17.2	Vendor Selection	69
4.17.3	Future Prospects	69
4.18	Telstra	71
4.18.1	Service Launch Strategy	71
4.18.2	Vendor Selection	71
4.18.3	Future Prospects	71
4.19	Verizon Communications	72
4.19.1	Service Launch Strategy	72
4.19.2	Vendor Selection	72
4.19.3	Future Prospects	73
4.20	Vodafone Group	74
4.20.1	Service Launch Strategy	74
4.20.2	Vendor Selection	74
4.20.3	Future Prospects	75
		
Chapter 5: VoLTE Industry Roadmap & Value Chain	76
5.1	Industry Roadmap	76
5.1.1	2016 – 2020: Large Scale VoLTE Rollouts	76
5.1.2	2020 – 2025: Building New Services on VoLTE Architecture	77
5.1.3	2025 – 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Rollouts	77
5.2	Value Chain	78
5.2.1	Enabling Technology Providers	78
5.2.2	VoLTE & IMS Infrastructure Suppliers	79
5.2.3	VoLTE Device OEMs	79
5.2.4	Roaming, Billing & Supplementary Service Providers	79
5.2.5	Mobile Operators	79
5.2.6	Test, Measurement & Performance Specialists	80
		
Chapter 6: Key Market Players	81
6.1	Accedian Networks	81
6.2	Affirmed Networks	82
6.3	ALEPO	83
6.4	Altair Semiconductor	84
6.5	Amdocs	85
6.6	Anritsu Corporation	86
6.7	Anritsu Corporation	87
6.8	Apple	88
6.9	Aptilo Networks	89
6.10	Aricent	90
6.11	Astellia	91
6.12	Asus (ASUSTeK Computer)	92
6.13	BICS	93
6.14	Broadcom	94
6.15	BroadSoft	95
6.16	BT Group	96
6.17	CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)	97
6.18	CellMining	98
6.19	Cellwize	99
6.20	CENX	100
6.21	CEVA	101
6.22	Cirpack	102
6.23	Cisco Systems	103
6.24	D2 Technologies	104
6.25	Dialogic Corporation	105
6.26	DigitalRoute	106
6.27	Ecrio	107
6.28	Empirix	108
6.29	Ericsson	109
6.30	EXFO	110
6.31	F5 Networks	111
6.32	Fujitsu	112
6.33	GCT Semiconductor	113
6.34	GENBAND	114
6.35	Gigamon	115
6.36	GL Communications	116
6.37	Hitachi	117
6.38	HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise)	118
6.39	HTC Corporation	119
6.40	Huawei	120
6.41	iBasis	121
6.42	IBM	122
6.43	Imagination Technologies	123
6.44	IMSWorkX	124
6.45	InfoVista	125
6.46	Intel Corporation	126
6.47	InterDigital	127
6.48	Interop Technologies	128
6.49	Iskratel	129
6.50	Italtel	130
6.51	Ixia	131
6.52	Keysight Technologies	132
6.53	Lenovo	133
6.54	LG Electronics	134
6.55	Metaswitch Networks	135
6.56	Mitel Networks Corporation	136
6.57	Mobileum	137
6.58	Monolith Software	138
6.59	Mushroom Networks	139
6.60	MYCOM OSI	140
6.61	Napatech	141
6.62	NEC Corporation	142
6.63	NetScout Systems	143
6.64	NewNet Communication Technologies	144
6.65	Nexus Telecom	145
6.66	Nokia Networks	146
6.67	NXP Semiconductors	147
6.68	OpenCloud	148
6.69	Openet	149
6.70	Optulink	150
6.71	Oracle Communications	151
6.72	Pantech	152
6.73	Polystar	153
6.74	Qualcomm	154
6.75	Quortus	155
6.76	RADCOM	156
6.77	Radisys Corporation	157
6.78	Redknee Solutions	158
6.79	Rohde & Schwarz	159
6.80	Samsung Electronics	160
6.81	Sandvine	161
6.82	Sansay	162
6.83	Sequans Communications	163
6.84	Sharp Corporation	164
6.85	SIGOS	165
6.86	Sonus Networks	166
6.87	Sony Mobile Communications	168
6.88	Spirent Communications	169
6.89	SPIRIT DSP	171
6.90	Spreadtrum Communications	172
6.91	Summit Tech	173
6.92	Syniverse	174
6.93	SysMech	175
6.94	TNS (Transaction Network Services)	176
6.95	Viavi Solutions	177
6.96	VMware	178
6.97	VoiceAge Corporation	179
6.98	Voipfuture	180
6.99	WIT Software	181
6.100	ZTE	182
		
Chapter 7: Market Analysis & Forecasts	183
7.1	Global Outlook of VoLTE	183
7.2	VoLTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	183
7.2.1	VoLTE Subscriptions	183
7.2.2	VoLTE Service Revenue	184
7.2.3	Segmentation by Application	184
7.2.4	Voice Telephony	185
7.2.5	Video & Supplementary Services	185
7.3	VoLTE Infrastructure	186
7.3.1	Segmentation by Submarket	186
7.3.2	CSCF Servers	187
7.3.3	SBCs	187
7.3.4	VoLTE Application Servers	188
7.3.5	Other IMS Elements (HSS, BGCF, MGCF & MRF)	188
7.3.6	VoLTE Capable PCRF Solutions	189
7.4	Segmentation by Region	190
7.4.1	Asia Pacific	191
7.4.2	Eastern Europe	193
7.4.3	Latin & Central America	194
7.4.4	Middle East & Africa	196
7.4.5	North America	197
7.4.6	Western Europe	199
		
Chapter 8: Conclusion, Key Trends & Strategic Recommendations	201
8.1	Why is the Market Poised to Grow?	201
8.2	Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Alliances & Consolidation	201
8.3	Geographic Outlook: Which Countries Offer the Highest Growth Potential?	202
8.4	Monetization: Can VoLTE Drive Revenue Growth?	203
8.5	Operator Branded OTT Services: Implications for VoLTE	203
8.6	Virtualization: Moving VoLTE to the Cloud	204
8.7	Growing Investments in VoLTE Service Assurance	205
8.8	Prospects of the EVS (Enhanced Voice Services) Codec	206
8.9	Convergence with Wi-Fi Calling	208
8.9.1	Moving Towards IMS-Based Wi-Fi Calling Services	208
8.9.2	Future Prospects	209
8.10	Opportunities for MVNOs	210
8.10.1	Enabling Service Differentiation	210
8.10.2	Growing MVNE (Mobile Virtual Network Enabler) Investments in VoLTE Infrastructure	211
8.10.3	How Big is the VoLTE Service Revenue Opportunity for MVNOS?	212
8.11	WebRTC: Friend or Foe?	213
8.12	Status of RCS Adoption	213
8.13	Prospects of Roaming and Interconnected VoLTE Services	215
8.14	MCPTT over VoLTE: Enabling Critical Communications	215
8.15	Strategic Recommendations	216
8.15.1	VoLTE Solution Providers	216
8.15.2	Mobile Operators & MVNOs	217

List of Figures	
	
	Figure 1: The CSFB Mechanism for LTE	26
	Figure 2: VoLTE via IMS	27
	Figure 3: SRVCC Network Architecture	28
	Figure 4: Video Telephony with VoLTE	29
	Figure 5: Global VoLTE Capable Smartphone Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	32
	Figure 6: VoLTE Industry Roadmap	77
	Figure 7: VoLTE Value Chain	79
	Figure 8: Global VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	184
	Figure 9: Global VoLTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	185
	Figure 10: Global VoLTE Service Revenue by Application: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	185
	Figure 11: Global VoLTE Based Voice Telephony Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	186
	Figure 12: Global VoLTE Based Video & Supplementary Applications Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	186
	Figure 13: Global VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	187
	Figure 14: Global VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	187
	Figure 15: Global CSCF Server Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	188
	Figure 16: Global SBC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	188
	Figure 17: Global VoLTE Application Server Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	189
	Figure 18: Global Other IMS Elements (HSS, BGCF, MGCF & MRF) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	189
	Figure 19: Global VoLTE Capable PCRF Solution Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	190
	Figure 20: VoLTE Subscriptions by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	191
	Figure 21: VoLTE Service Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	191
	Figure 22: VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	192
	Figure 23: Asia Pacific VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	192
	Figure 24: Asia Pacific VoLTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	193
	Figure 25: Asia Pacific VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	193
	Figure 26: Eastern Europe VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	194
	Figure 27: Eastern Europe VoLTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	194
	Figure 28: Eastern Europe VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	195
	Figure 29: Latin & Central America VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	195
	Figure 30: Latin & Central America VoLTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	196
	Figure 31: Latin & Central America VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	196
	Figure 32: Middle East & Africa VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	197
	Figure 33: Middle East & Africa VoLTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	197
	Figure 34: Middle East & Africa VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	198
	Figure 35: North America VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	198
	Figure 36: North America VoLTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	199
	Figure 37: North America VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	199
	Figure 38: Western Europe VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	200
	Figure 39: Western Europe VoLTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	200
	Figure 40: Western Europe VoLTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	201
	Figure 41: Global Spending on VoLTE Service Assurance Solutions: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	206
	Figure 42: Audio Bandwidth Comparison between EVS and Legacy Codecs	208
	Figure 43: Wi-Fi Calling Scenarios	209
	Figure 44: IMS-based Wi-Fi Calling Service Architecture	210
	Figure 45: Managed IMS Core/IP Services for MVNOs	212
	Figure 46: Global VoLTE Service Revenue over MVNO Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	213
	Figure 47: RCS Business Model	215