Krill Oil Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Liquids, Softgels, Capsules), By Application (Dietary Supplements, Animal Feed, Functional Food & Beverages), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027

Published: Feb, 2020 | Pages: 145 | Publisher: Grand View Research
Industry: Food | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)

The global krill oil market size is projected to be valued at USD 664.6 million by 2027, expanding at a CAGR of 11.6%, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Growing consumer health awareness, coupled with rising investment in clinical research and development is expected to promote market growth over the forecast.

Health benefits offered by consumption of krill oil to reduce cholesterol level, blood pressure, and coronary heart diseases such as heart attacks and strokes is expected to drive demand in the forecast period. In addition, increasing demand for supplements and functional foods by consumers owing to growing health concerns coupled with high disposable income is further anticipated to propel market expansion over the forecast period.

Increasing spending on the pharmaceutical sector in countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam is expected to stimulate industry expansion. Rising population in developing countries is further expected to fuel the demand for omega 3 products in applications such as nutrition supplements and infant formula. Moreover, changing lifestyle of consumers and increasing concerns regarding health issues, especially coronary heart diseases, are expected to further fuel the demand for omega 3 products thereby benefitting market growth over the forecast period.

Companies are focusing on backward integration in order to gain more control over the value chain. The krill fishery is highly regulated owing to which the number of manufacturers are limited which can restrict the growth in the forecast period.

The market in Europe is expected to be valued at USD 223.8 million by 2027, expanding at a CAGR of 10.1% over the forecast period. The presence of major krill oil manufacturers and prominent coastlines in the region is driving the demand for krill oil based products. Moreover, growing health awareness in Europe is anticipated to augment the demand for supplements and functional food, pharmaceutical, and infant formula application segments.

Further key findings from the report suggest:

• In terms of value, the dietary supplements segment is anticipated to reach USD 385.2 million by 2027, at a CAGR of 10.6% from 2020 to 2027

• The softgels segment is expected to dominate the market by 2027, accounting for 39% market share. Softgels are highly preferred by consumers as they do not have a bad odor and have fewer side effects in comparison to liquid krill oil. The robust presence of gelatin production units along with the increasing demand for nutraceutical products is expected to open new avenues across the globe over the forecast period

• Europe held the largest share in 2019 and is likely to register considerable growth over the forecast period. Increasing product consumption, especially in the form of dietary supplements, on account of rising aging population, particularly in developed economies such as Germany, France, Netherlands, and U.K., is likely to drive the market

• The market in U.S. is anticipated to reach USD 102.6 million by 2027. Increasing consumption of enhanced medication to prevent and/or to treat chronic diseases is likely to spur the overall demand for omega-3 in the upcoming years

• The krill oil market is consolidated in nature with the presence of few global players. The major market share is dominated by the big giants such as Aker Biomarine, Neptune Wellness Solutions, and Rimfrost AS. These key players have a stronghold on the regional markets.

 Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope
                     1.1. Market Segmentation & Scope
                     1.2. Market Definition
                     1.3. Information Procurement
                          1.3.1. Purchased Database
                          1.3.2. GVR’s Internal Database
                          1.3.3. Secondary Sources & Third-Party Perspectives
                          1.3.4. Primary Research
                     1.4. Information Analysis
                          1.4.1. Data Analysis Models
                     1.5. Market Formulation & Data Visualization
                     1.6. Data Validation & Publishing

Chapter 2. Executive Summary
                     2.1. Market Outlook
                     2.2. Segmental Outlook
                     2.3. Competitive Insights

Chapter 3. Krill Oil Market Variables, Trends, & Scope
                     3.1. Market Lineage Outlook
                     3.2. Related Market Outlook
                     3.3. Penetration & Growth Prospect Mapping
                     3.4. Industry Value Chain Analysis
                          3.4.1. Major Raw Material Trends
                          3.4.2. Manufacturing Trends
                          3.4.3. Outsourcing and contract manufacturing trends
                          3.4.4. Sales channel analysis
                          3.4.5. Vendor selection criteria
                          3.4.6. List of Key End-Users, by Region
                     3.5. Technology Overview
                     3.6. Regulatory Framework
                     3.7. Krill Oil Market - Market dynamics
                          3.7.1. Market driver Analysis
                          3.7.2. Market Restraint Analysis
                          3.7.3. Industry Challenges
                     3.8. Business Environment Analysis: Krill Oil Market
                          3.8.1. Industry Analysis - Porter’s
                               3.8.1.1. Supplier Power
                               3.8.1.2. Buyer Power
                               3.8.1.3. Substitution Threat
                               3.8.1.4. Threat from New Entrant
                               3.8.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
                          3.8.2. PESTEL Analysis
                               3.8.2.1. Political Landscape
                               3.8.2.2. Environmental Landscape
                               3.8.2.3. Social Landscape
                               3.8.2.4. Technology Landscape
                               3.8.2.5. Economic Landscape
                               3.8.2.6. Legal Landscape
                          3.8.3. Major Deals & Strategic Alliances Analysis
                               3.8.3.1. Joint Ventures
                               3.8.3.2. Mergers & Acquisitions

Chapter 4. Krill Oil Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis
                     4.1. Krill Oil Market: Product movement analysis, 2019 & 2027
                     4.2. Liquids
                          4.2.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     4.3. Softgels
                          4.3.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     4.4. Capsules
                          4.4.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)

Chapter 5. Krill Oil Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
                     5.1. Krill Oil Market: Application movement analysis, 2019 & 2027
                     5.2. Dietary supplements
                          5.2.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     5.3. Animal feed
                          5.3.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     5.4. Functional food and beverages
                          5.4.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     5.5. Pharmaceuticals
                          5.5.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     5.6. Other Applications
                          5.6.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)

Chapter 6. Krill Oil Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis
                     6.1. Krill Oil Market: Regional movement analysis, 2019 & 2027
                     6.2. North America
                          6.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.2.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.2.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.2.4. U.S.
                               6.2.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.2.4.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.2.4.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     6.3. Europe
                          6.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.3.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.3.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.3.4. Germany
                               6.3.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.3.4.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.3.4.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.3.5. U.K.
                               6.3.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.3.5.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.3.5.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     6.4. Asia Pacific
                          6.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.4.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.4.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.4.4. Australia
                               6.4.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.4.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.4.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.4.5. New Zealand
                               6.4.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.5.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.5.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.4.6. Thailand
                               6.4.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.6.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.6.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.4.7. China
                               6.4.7.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.7.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.7.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.4.8. Japan
                               6.4.8.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.8.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.4.8.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     6.5. Central & South America
                          6.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.5.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.5.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.5.4. Brazil
                               6.5.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.5.4.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                               6.5.4.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                     6.6. Middle East & Africa
                          6.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.6.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
                          6.6.3. Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)

Chapter 7. Krill Oil Market: Competitive Analysis
                     7.1. Key Global Players, Their Initiatives, & Their Impact on the Market
                     7.2. Participant Categorization
                     7.3. Vendor Landscape
                          7.3.1. List of key distributors & channel partners
                          7.3.2. Key customers
                     7.4. Public Companies
                          7.4.1. Company market position analysis
                          7.4.2. Company market share/ranking, by country, 2019
                          7.4.3. SWOT Analysis of Public companies
                     7.5. Private Companies
                          7.5.1. List of emerging companies
                          7.5.2. Geographic Presence
                          7.5.3. Company market position analysis

Chapter 8. Company Profiles
                     8.1. Aker BioMarine
                          8.1.1. Company Overview
                          8.1.2. Financial Performance
                          8.1.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.1.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.2. Schiff Nutrition International, Inc.
                          8.2.1. Company Overview
                          8.2.2. Financial Performance
                          8.2.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.2.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.3. Neptune Wellness Solutions Inc
                          8.3.1. Company Overview
                          8.3.2. Financial Performance
                          8.3.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.3.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.4. Norwegian Fish Oil AS
                          8.4.1. Company Overview
                          8.4.2. Financial Performance
                          8.4.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.4.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.5. NutriGold Inc.
                          8.5.1. Company Overview
                          8.5.2. Financial Performance
                          8.5.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.5.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.6. Rimfrost AS
                          8.6.1. Company Overview
                          8.6.2. Financial Performance
                          8.6.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.6.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.7. Qingdao Kangjing Marine Biotechnology Co., LTD.
                          8.7.1. Company Overview
                          8.7.2. Financial Performance
                          8.7.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.7.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.8. NWC Naturals Inc.
                          8.8.1. Company Overview
                          8.8.2. Financial Performance
                          8.8.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.8.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.9. Nutracode
                          8.9.1. Company Overview
                          8.9.2. Financial Performance
                          8.9.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.9.4. Strategic Initiatives
                     8.10. Ergomax
                          8.10.1. Company Overview
                          8.10.2. Financial Performance
                          8.10.3. Product Benchmarking
                          8.10.4. Strategic Initiatives

List of Tables

Table 1 List of Abbreviations
Table 2 List of key end users
Table 3 Product Classification Codes
Table 4 List of key international regulations
Table 5 Global krill oil market estimates & forecast, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 6 Global krill oil market estimates & forecast, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 7 Global liquid krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 8 Global krill oil softgels market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 9 Global krill oil capsules market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 10 Global krill oil market estimates & forecast, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 11 Global krill oil market estimates & forecast, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 12 Global dietary supplements krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 13 Global animal feed krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 14 Global functional food and beverages krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 15 Global pharmaceuticals krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 16 Global other applications krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 17 Global krill oil market estimates & forecast, by region, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 18 Global krill oil market estimates & forecast, by region, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 19 North America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 20 North America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 21 North America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 22 North America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 23 North America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 24 U.S. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 25 U.S. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 26 U.S. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 27 U.S. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 28 U.S. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 29 Europe krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 30 Europe krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 31 Europe krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 32 Europe krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 33 Europe krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 34 U.K. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 35 U.K. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 36 U.K. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 37 U.K. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 38 U.K. krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 39 Germany krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 40 Germany krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 41 German krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 42 Germany krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 43 Germany krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 44 Asia Pacific krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 45 Asia Pacific krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 46 Asia Pacific krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 47 Asia Pacific krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 48 Asia Pacific krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 49 Australia krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 50 Australia krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 51 Australia krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 52 Australia krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 53 Australia krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 54 New Zealand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 55 New Zealand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 56 New Zealand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 57 New Zealand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 58 New Zealand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 59 Thailand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 60 Thailand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 61 Thailand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 62 Thailand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 63 Thailand krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 64 China krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 65 China krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 66 China krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 67 China krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 68 China krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 69 Japan krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 70 Japan krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 71 Japan krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 72 Japan krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 73 Japan krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 74 Central and South America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 75 Central and South America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 76 Central and South America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 77 Central and South America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 78 Central and South America krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 79 Brazil krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 80 Brazil krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 81 Brazil krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 82 Brazil krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 83 Brazil krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 84 Middle East and Africa krill oil market estimates and forecasts, 2016 - 2027 (Tons) (USD Million)
Table 85 Middle East and Africa krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 86 Middle East and Africa krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by product, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 87 Middle East and Africa krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (Tons)
Table 88 Middle East and Africa krill oil market estimates and forecasts, by application, 2016 - 2027 (USD Million)
Table 89 List of market players
Table 90 Vendor Landscape
Table 91 List of key distributors & channel partners
Table 92 List of key customers
Table 93 List of public companies
Table 94 Comparative analysis of key krill oil manufacturers
Table 95 List of private companies

List of Figures

Fig. 1 Krill Oil : Market Segmentation
Fig. 2 Information procurement
Fig. 3 Primary research pattern
Fig. 4 Primary research process
Fig. 5 Market research approaches - Bottom Up Approach
Fig. 6 Market research approaches - Top Down Approach
Fig. 7 Market research approaches - Combined Approach
Fig. 8 Market Outlook
Fig. 9 Segmental Outlook
Fig. 10 Competitive Insights
Fig. 11 Penetration and growth prospect mapping, 2016 - 2027
Fig. 12 Krill Oil Market Value Chain Analysis
Fig. 13 Krill Oil Market dynamics
Fig. 14 Market Driver & Restraint Analysis
Fig. 15 Porter's Five Forces Model - Krill Oil Market
Fig. 16 PESTEL Analysis- Krill Oil Market
Fig. 17 Global krill oil market: Product movement analysis, 2019 & 2027
Fig. 18 Global krill oil market: Application movement analysis, 2019 & 2027
Fig. 19 Global Krill oil market: Regional movement analysis, 2019 & 2027
Fig. 20 Krill oil market: Regional Overview
Fig. 21 North America - SWOT Analysis
Fig. 22 Europe - SWOT Analysis
Fig. 23 Asia Pacific - SWOT Analysis
Fig. 24 Central & South America - SWOT Analysis
Fig. 25 Middle East & Africa - SWOT Analysis
Fig. 26 Strategy Framework