Agricultural Robots: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2017 to 2023

 Table of Contents

Agricultural Robot Market Executive Summary 44
Agricultural Robot Market Driving Forces 44
Agricultural Robot Target Markets 49
Robotic Agriculture Trends 50
Agriculture as Part of the Global Economy 54
Role of Agricultural Robots 56
Agricultural Robot Technologies 57
Agricultural Robotic Use of Global Positioning 58
Agricultural Robot Market Shares 59

1. Agricultural Robot Market Description and Market Dynamics 61
1.1 Digitization of Agricultural Markets 61
1.1.1 Shift to Digital Agriculture 62
1.1.2 Digital Farms a Reality 63
1.2 Challenges of Agricultural Robots 69
1.3 Automation In The Agricultural Industry 70
1.3.1 Robots Find A Place in the Agriculture Industry 72
1.3.2 Agricultural Robots Make Production More Efficient 73
1.3.3 Use Of Industrial Robots for Agriculture 74
1.3.4 Agricultural Robotics and Automation 74
1.3.5 Precision Agriculture Info, Analysis, Tools 76
1.3.6 Automatic Guidance 76
1.3.7 Autonomous Machines 76
1.3.8 Drones 77
1.3.9 Breeding + Sensors + Robots 78
1.4 Swarms of Precision Agriculture Robots 79
1.5 Agricultural Robots and Drones: Technologies, Markets, Forecasts 79
1.6 RAS Agricultural Robotics and Automation (AgRA) Technical Committee 80
1.7 Farm Bots Pick, Plant and Drive 82
1.7.1 Relying On Illegal Immigrants Can Be A Legal Liability 82
1.7.2 Harvest Automation Labor Process Automation 83
1.7.3 The Growing Season Is Also The Shipping Season 83
1.8 Improving Nursery Efficiency 85
1.8.1 Small Mobile Robot for Plants and Shrubs 85
1.9 Agricultural Producers Seek To Improve Operations 86
1.9.1 Increasing Cows Days Of Grazing 88
1.10 Inexpensive Robots For Farm Jobs 90
1.11 cRops (Clever Robots for Crops) Robots To Harvest High Value Crops 90
1.12 Strawberries 92
1.12.1 Strawberries in the US 92
1.13 Transformational Agricultural Robots 95

2. Agricultural Robots Market Shares and Market Forecasts 97
2.1 Agricultural Robot Market Driving Forces 97
2.1.1 Agricultural Robot Target Markets 102
2.1.2 Robotic Agriculture Trends 103
2.1.3 Agriculture as Part of the Global Economy 107
2.1.4 Role of Agricultural Robots 108
2.1.5 Agricultural Robot Technologies 110
2.1.6 Agricultural Robotic Use of Global Positioning 111
2.2 Agricultural Robot Market Shares 112
2.2.1 Lely Group Revenue 114
2.2.2 Kuka Use Of Standard Industrial Robots In Agriculture 116
2.2.3 Kuka 116
2.2.4 Fanuc 116
2.2.5 Agrobot High Value Crop Robotic Automation 117
2.2.6 Farmers Business Network 118
2.2.7 Granular 119
2.2.8 John Deere 119
2.2.9 Harvest Automation 121
2.2.10 Vision Robotics 122
2.2.11 Blue River Technology 122
2.2.12 Blue River 122
2.2.13 ecoRobotix 123
2.2.14 Tetra Laval / DeLaval 123
2.3 Agricultural Robot Market Forecasts 123
2.3.1 Agricultural Robot Target Markets 129
2.3.2 Agricultural Robot Market Segments Driverless Tractors, Cow Milking Systems, Process Precision Architecture, and Irrigation Systems 130
2.3.3 Process Precision Agricultural Robot Segments, Wheat, Rice, and Corn Harvesting, Grape and Other Pruning and Harvesting, Golf Course and Lawn Mowing, Nursery Management, Seeding, Planting, Fertilizing, Spraying, Drone Crop Dusting 136
2.3.4 High Value Fruit Crops: Strawberries 140
2.3.5 Nursery And Garden Products 140
2.3.6 Ornamental Plant Markets 140
2.3.7 Crop Dusting With Remote-Controlled Helicopters 141
2.3.8 Distributed Robotics Garden 146
2.3.9 Cultibotics 147
2.3.10 Agricultural Robot Vision Pruning Systems 149
2.3.11 Robot Fish 149
2.3.12 Farm Technologies 150
2.3.13 Golf Courses Robotic Mowing 150
2.3.14 Agricultural Self Driving Tractor Robot Market Forecasts 151
2.3.15 Agricultural Robotics Key Economic Enablers 153
2.3.16 Agricultural Cow Milking Robot Market Shares and Market Forecasts 156
2.3.17 Lely Astronaut Milking Robots 157
2.3.18 Agricultural Irrigation Robots Market Forecasts 159
2.4 Agricultural and Weather IoT 161
2.4.1 Agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) 162
2.4.2 Agriculture IoT Food Production Increases 164
2.4.3 Agriculture IoT: Global Shift to Use of Sensors 165
2.4.4 Agriculture Internet of Things: Venture Investment 166
2.4.5 Agriculture Internet of Things (IoT) Technology 167
2.4.6 IoT Crop Water Management 168
2.4.7 Precision Agriculture 169
2.4.8 Agricultural Drone Sensors 169
2.4.9 Integrated Pest Management or Control (IPM/C) – 171
2.4.10 Food Production and Food Safety 173
2.4.11 Agriculture IoT Animal Monitoring 174
2.4.12 Agriculture Internet of Things (IoT) Applications 174
2.4.13 CLAAS IoT Equipment 175
2.5 Agricultural Robot Pricing 176
2.5.1 Harvest Automation 176
2.5.2 Shibuya Seiko Co. Strawberry Picking Robot 176
2.5.3 Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot Functions 177
2.5.4 iRobot Automated Lawn Mowing 177
2.6 Agricultural Robots TCO / ROI 178
2.6.1 Cost Structures and Roles of Agricultural Robots 182
2.7 Agricultural Robot Regional Analysis 182
2.7.1 European Union Seventh Framework Program 184
2.7.2 Netherlands Agricultural Robots 185
2.7.3 Production of Agricultural Robotics in China 186
2.7.4 Chinese Agricultural Machinery 186
2.7.5 Japanese Robot Farm Vegetables 186
2.7.6 Agricultural Robots in Africa 187

3. Agricultural Robots Product Description 191
3.1 John Deere 191
3.1.1 John Deere Autonomous Mower 191
3.1.2 Deere Smaller Tractors Autonomous Driving in Groups 193
3.1.3 John Deere Autonomous Tractor 194
3.1.4 John Deere Crop Spraying 196
3.1.5 John Deere Autonomous Tractors 197
3.2 AGCO 198
3.3 CNH Industrial Case IH Tractors 199
3.4 Kuka 201
3.4.1 Kuka Robots in the Agricultural Industry 203
3.4.2 Kuka Robots in the Food Processing Industry 205
3.5 FANUC 208
3.5.1 Fanuc Vegetable Sorting Robot 208
3.5.2 FANUC Robodrill DiA5 Series 210
3.6 ABB Robots 212
3.6.1 ABB Automation Solutions for the Agriculture Industry 212
3.6.2 ABB Agricultural Robot Products 213
3.6.3 ABB Agricultural Robot Benefits 214
3.6.4 ABB Symphony Plus 217
3.7 Bosch Deepfield Robotics 219
3.7.1 Bosch BoniRob 219
3.7.2 Bosch Deepfield Connect 223
3.7.3 Bosch: Field Testing Automation For Better Seeds 228
3.7.4 Bosch Seed Field Testing Challenges: 229
3.7.5 Bosch Weeding 231
3.8 Yaskawa 235
3.8.1 Yaskawa Bottling System with Motoman HP20F 235
3.8.2 Yaskawa Industrial AC Drives 1/8 thru 1750 Horsepower 238
3.8.3 Yaskawa Specialty Pump Drives 3/4 thru 500 Horsepower 239
3.8.4 Yaskawa Servo Systems and Motion Controllers 239
3.8.5 Motoman Robot Handling and Palletizing Bags of Livestock Feed 240
3.8.6 Motoman Agriculture Robotics Palletizing Bags Solution 241
3.8.7 Motoman Robotics Agricultural Robot Palletizing Bags Fixtures / Tooling Details 242
3.8.8 Motoman Agricultural Grain Bin Dryer Fan Wheels 243
3.8.9 Motoman Robotics Fixtures/Tooling Details 245
3.8.10 Motoman Agricultural Irrigation Pipe 245
3.8.11 Motoman Robotics Fixtures/Tooling Details 248
3.8.12 Motoman Agricultural Equipment 248
3.8.13 Motoman Robotics Fixtures/Tooling Details 252
3.8.14 Motoman Round Baler Pickup Frames for Agricultural Equipment 252
3.8.15 Motoman Robotics Fixtures/Tooling Details 255
3.8.16 Motoman Skid Steer Loader Mount Plates 255
3.8.17 Motoman Bags of Livestock Feed 258
3.8.18 Motoman Robotics Fixtures/Tooling Details 261
3.9 Harvest Automation 261
3.9.1 Harvest Automation HV-100 262
3.9.2 Harvest Automation Technology 268
3.9.3 Harvest Automation Behavior-Based Robotics 268
3.10 Robotic Harvesting 268
3.10.1 Robotic Harvesting Strawberry Harvester 269
3.11 Agrobot 270
3.11.1 Agrobot AGSHydro 270
3.11.2 Agrobot Mechanization And Hydroponics Synergy 271
3.11.3 Agrobot SW 6010 273
3.11.4 Agrobot AGB: Harvesting High Level System 274
3.11.5 Agrobot AG Vision 275
3.12 Blue River Technology 276
3.12.1 Blue River Remote Sensing Technology 277
3.12.2 Blue River Technology High-Throughput, Field-Based Phenotyping 278
3.12.3 Blue River Technology Zea 278
3.12.4 Blue River Technology Drone-Based Phenotyping 280
3.12.5 Blue River Technology Agricultural Robot 283
3.12.6 Blue River Precision Lettuce Thinning - 80/84" Beds 286
3.12.7 Lettuce Bot, Blue River Technology 287
3.13 LemnaTec Phenomics Plant Phenotyping 289
3.13.1 LemnaTec Scanalyzer Field High Content Data Acquisition 291
3.14 cRops (Clever Robot for Crops) 292
3.14.1 cRops European Project, Made Up Of Universities And Labs 294
3.15 University of Missouri Field-Deployed Robotic System to Study Parched Corn Plants 296
3.16 Jaybridge Robotics for Agriculture 298
3.16.1 Jaybridge Robotics Assisted Spotting 298
3.16.2 Jaybridge Robotics LDX Haul Truck Automation 299
3.16.3 Jaybridge Robotics Agricultural Automation 300
3.16.4 Jaybridge Robotics - Kinze Partnering on Autonomous Vehicle Row Crop Harvesting 302
3.16.5 Jaybridge Software Expertise 303
3.17 Nano Ganesh 304
3.18 AquaSpy 304
3.19 8 Villages 305
3.20 Agribotix Enduro 306
3.20.1 Agribotix Hornet 306
3.21 Clearpath Robotics Grizzly RUV 307
3.22 Rowbot 310
3.22.1 Rowbot In-Season Nitrogen And Cover Crop Seeding 311
3.22.2 Rowbot Seeding Cover Crops Before The Corn Harvest 312
3.23 ecoRobotix 313
3.23.1 ecoRobotix Ecological And Economical Weeding 313
3.24 Frank Poulsen Engineering 315
3.24.1 Frank Poulsen Engineering Robovator 315
3.24.2 Frank Poulsen Field Vision System – For Plant Breeders 316
3.24.3 Frank Poulsen Steering System 317
3.25 Parrot / SenseFly Agriculture 319
3.25.1 Parrot / senseFly eBee SQ 319
3.25.2 Parrot senseFly eBee: 322
3.26 AutoProbe 322
3.26.1 AutoProbe Precision Agriculture High Quality Soil Sample 323
3.27 IBM Precision Agriculture 325
3.27.1 IBM Precision Agriculture Using Predictive Weather Analytics 325
3.27.2 IBM Addresses Precision Agriculture 326
3.27.3 IBM Precision Architecture Optimizing Planting, Harvesting, and Distribution 326
3.27.4 IBM Precision Agriculture 327
3.27.5 IBM / Bari Fishing Market App 328
3.28 M Farm 332
3.29 Sustainable Harvest 333
3.29.1 Sustainable Harvest Origin Engagement 333
3.29.2 Sustainable Harvest Mobile Technology Project 333
3.30 Tractor Harvesting 334
3.31 Spensa Technology 336
3.31.1 Spensa Technology OpenScout 336
3.31.2 Spensa Technology OpenScout Insights 338
3.31.3 Spensa Technology Pest Control 339
3.32 The Pebble Watch 339
3.33 Louisiana State University AgBot 340
3.33.1 AgBot Uses Autonomous, Advanced GPS System 341
3.33.2 Agbot Small Robots Versatility 341
3.33.3 AgBotDelivery Robot 342
3.34 Harvard Robobee 342
3.34.1 Harvard Robobee Practical Applications 343
3.34.2 Harvard Robobee Vision and Aims 343
3.34.3 Harvard Robobee Body, Brain, and Colony 345
3.34.4 Harvard Robobee Body 345
3.34.5 Harvard Robobee Flexible Insect Wings And Flight Stability In Turbulent Airflow 348
3.34.6 Harvard Robobee Sensor Networks 349
3.34.7 Harvard Robobee Colony 352
3.34.8 Harvard Robobee Sensor Network Development 353
3.35 iRobot’s Automatic Lawn Mower 360
3.36 MIT Autonomous Gardener Equipment Mounted On The Base of a Roomba 362
3.37 Carnegie Mellon University’s National Robotics Engineering Center 364
3.37.1 Carnegie Mellon. Self-Guided Farm Equipment 365
3.38 Cesar the LettuceBot 367
3.39 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Rosphere 368
3.39.1 Rosphere Spherical Shaped Robot 369
3.40 Shibuya Seiko Co. 371
3.40.1 Shibuya Seiko Co. Strawberry Picking Robot 371
3.40.2 Shibuya Seiko Robot Can Pick Strawberry Fields 371
3.41 University of California, Davis Robots For Harvesting Strawberries 372
3.42 Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot 374
3.42.1 Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot Functions 374
3.42.2 Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot Security System 376
3.42.3 Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot Prunes 600 Vines Per Day 376
3.43 Vision Robotics 377
3.43.1 Vision VR Lettuce Thinner 377
3.43.2 Vision Intelligent Autonomous Grapevine Pruner 378
3.43.3 Vision Weeding / Targeted Spot Spraying 379
3.43.4 Vision Crop Load Estimation 379
3.43.5 Vision Robotics Automated Tractors 381
3.44 Nogchui Autonomous Tractor 382
3.44.1 Professor Nogchui Agricultural Tractor Robot Uses Navigation Sensor Called AGI-3 GPS Compass Made by TOPCON 386
3.44.2 Professor Nogchui Agricultural Tractor Robot Mapping System 386
3.44.3 Nogchui Autonomous Tractor Robot Management Systems 387
3.45 Microsoft Agricultural Robot Software 388
3.46 Australian Centre for Field Robotics Herder Robot 389
3.46.1 Robotic Rover Herds Cows 390
3.47 Chinese Agricultural Robots 391
3.48 3D Robotics 393
3.49 Lely Automatic Milking Robots 400
3.49.1 Lely Astronaut Milking Robots 400
3.49.2 Lely Concept and Management 402
3.49.3 Lely Correct Feed Management 402
3.49.4 Lely Milk Robots At Large Dairy Farms 404
3.49.5 Lely Free Cow Traffic 408
3.50 Kyoto University Tomato Harvesting Robot 410
3.51 Yamaha Crop Dusting Drones 414
3.52 RHEA Robot Fleets for Accuracy 415
3.52.1 RHEA Synchronized Weeding 419
3.52.2 Synchronized Spraying 423
3.53 Precise Path Robotics 428
3.54 FarmBot 429
3.54.1 FarmBot Real-Time Control 430
3.55 Adigo Field Flux Robot 430
3.56 SAGA – Swarm Robotics for Agricultural Applications 431
3.56.1 Advanced UAV for Swarm Operations 433
3.56.2 Saga Onboard Weed Recognition 434
3.56.3 Saga Collective Field Mapping 434
3.57 DJI Innovations AGRAS MG-1 435
3.58 HoneyComb 438
3.59 Trimble Agriculture Field Solutions 440
3.60 AeroVironment Precision Agriculture 440
3.61 Cyphy Works PARC 442
3.61.1 Cyphy Works Pocket Flyer 444
3.62 Sentera Phoenix 2 UAV 446
3.62.1 Sentera Omni UAV 448
3.62.2 Sentera AgVault 449
3.62.3 Sentera AgVault Mobile 451
3.62.4 AgVault 2.0 Battery Swap And Flight Planning 452
3.62.5 Sentera LiveNDVI Video 452
3.63 Tetra Laval / DeLaval 453
3.64 Harvard University Agile Robotic Insects RoboBees 454
3.65 Agribotix Hornet Performs Field Scouting 454
3.66 Adigo 455
3.67 Autonomous Tractor Corp. (ATC) 456

4 Harvest Automation Proprietary Sensor Technology 457
4.1 Harvest Automation Robot System Architecture 457
4.1.2 Harvest Automation Technology 458
4.1.3 Behavior-Based Robotics 458
4.1.4 Proprietary Sensor Technology 459
4.1.5 System Design & Architecture 459
4.2 Technologies In Precision Agriculture 460
4.2.1 Mobile Devices 461
4.2.2 Robotics 462
4.3 Irrigation 463
4.4 Internet Of Things 465
4.5 Sensors 466
4.5.1 Variable Rate Seeding 468
4.6 Weather Modeling 470
4.7 Nitrogen Modeling 471
4.8 Standardization 472
4.9 FarmBot DIY Agriculture Robot 472
4.10 Welding Robots 473
4.11 Material Handling Robots: 473
4.12 Plasma Cutting Robots: 474
4.13 Agricultural Robotics and Automation Scope: 475
4.13.1 IEEE Standards Initiatives 477
4.13.2 Delft Robotics Institute 477
4.14 Robotics and Automation 480
4.15 An Electronic System Improves Different Agriculture Processes 483

5 Agricultural Robots Company Description 484
5.1 8Villages 484
5.2 ABB Robotics 485
5.2.1 ABB Revenue 486
5.2.2 ABB Strategy 488
5.2.3 ABB Global Leader In Power And Automation Technologies 488
5.2.4 ABB and IO Deliver Direct Current-Powered Data Center Module 489
5.2.5 ABB / Validus DC Systems DC Power Infrastructure Equipment 490
5.2.6 ABB Technology 491
5.2.7 ABB Global Lab Power 492
5.2.8 ABB Global Lab Automation 493
5.3 Adigo 494
5.4 AeroVironment 496
5.5 Agile Planet 500
5.6 AgRA: RAS Agricultural Robotics and Automation (AgRA 500
5.7 Agribotix 501
5.8 Agrobot 503
5.8.1 Agrobot Innovation and Technology for Agribusiness 504
5.9 AquaSpy 508
5.10 Australian Centre for Field Robotics 508
5.11 Autonomous Tractor Corp. (ATC) 509
5.12 Avular B.V 510
5.13 Blue River Technology 511
5.13.1 Blue River / Khosla Ventures 512
5.14 Bosch Deepfield Robotics 512
5.15 Clearpath Robotics 512
5.16 Rowbot 516
5.17 CNH Industrial / Fiat / Case IH 518
5.17.1 Case IH Customers Work Directly With Design Engineers 519
5.18 cRops 520
5.19 Cyphy Works 523
5.19.1 Cyphy Research Technology 525
5.19.2 Cyphy Microfilament Technology 528
5.19.3 CyPhy Works Microfilament 529
5.20 Digital Harvest 530
5.21 DJI Innovations 531
5.21.1 DJI Revenue 531
5.21.2 DJI Positioning 532
5.22 ecoRobotix 534
5.23 Fanuc 535
5.23.1 FANUC Corporation 536
5.23.2 Fanuc Revenue 536
5.24 FarmBot 537
5.25 Frank Poulsen Engineering 543
5.26 Georgia Tech Agricultural Robots 543
5.27 Google 544
5.27.1 Google / Boston Dynamics 545
5.27.2 Boston Dynamics LS3 - Legged Squad Support Systems 546
5.27.3 Boston Dynamics CHEETAH - Fastest Legged Robot 547
5.27.4 Boston Dynamics Atlas - The Agile Anthropomorphic Robot 549
5.27.5 Boston Dynamics BigDog 551
5.27.6 Boston Dynamics LittleDog - The Legged Locomotion Learning Robot 552
5.27.7 Google Robotic Division 554
5.27.8 Google Self-Driving Car 554
5.27.9 Google Cars Address Vast Majority Of Vehicle Accidents Due To Human Error 556
5.27.10 Google Business 556
5.27.11 Google Corporate Highlights 557
5.28.12 Google Search 558
5.28.13 Google Revenue 560
5.28.14 Google Third Quarter 2016 Results 560
5.29 Harvard Robobee 563
5.29.1 Harvard Robobee Funding 563
5.29.2 Harvard Robobee Main Area Of Research 564
5.29.3 Harvard Robobee OptRAD is used as an Optimizing Reaction-Advection-Diffusion system. 565
5.29.4 Harvard Robobee The Team 566
5.30 Harvest Automation 567
5.30.1 Harvest Automation Ornamental Horticulture 567
5.30.2 Harvest Automation M Series C Financing 568
5.30.3 Harvest Robotic Solutions For The Agricultural Market 569
5.30.4 Harvest Automation Robots 569
5.31 HoneyComb 571
5.32 IBM Corporation 572
5.32.1 IBM IoT Strategy 572
5.32.2 IBM Cloud Computing 573
5.32.3 IBM Business Model 574
5.32.4 IBM 575
5.32.5 IBM Messaging Extension for Web Application Pattern 575
5.32.6 IBM MobileFirst 575
5.32.7 IBM Business Analytics and Optimization Strategy 576
5.32.8 IBM Growth Market Initiatives 576
5.32.9 IBM Business Analytics and Optimization 577
5.32.10 IBM Strategy Addresses Volatility of Information Technology (IT) Systems 578
5.32.11 IBM Smarter Planet 579
5.33 iRobot 582
5.33.1 iRobot Home Robots: 584
5.33.2 iRobot Role In The Robot Industry 584
5.33.3 iRobot SPARK (Starter Programs for the Advancement of Robotics Knowledge) 585
5.34 Jaybridge Robotics 585
5.34.1 Jaybridge Robotics Software Solutions 585
5.34.2 Jaybridge Systems Integration for Autonomous Vehicles 587
5.34.3 Jaybridge Robotics Rigorous Quality Processes 587
5.34.4 Jaybridge Robotics Professional, Experienced Team 587
5.34.5 Jaybridge Robotics Seamless Working Relationship with Client Teams 588
5.35 John Deere 588
5.35.1 John Deere Revenue 591
5.35.2 John Deere Patents Hybrid Harvesters And Mobile Robots 591
5.36 Kinze Manufacturing 593
5.37 Kuka 593
5.37.1 Kuka Revenue 594
5.37.2 Kuka Competition 595
5.37.3 Kuka Innovative Technology 596
5.37.4 Kuka Well Positioned With A Broad Product Portfolio In Markets With Attractive Growth Prospects 596
5.37.5 Kuka Strategy 597
5.37.6 Kuka Corporate Policy 598
5.38 KumoTek 600
5.38.1 KumoTek Robotics Software Specialists 601
5.39 Kyoto University 601
5.40 Lely 602
5.40.1 Large Cow Farm Management 604
5.40.2 Lely Astronaut 606
5.40.3 Lely Group Business Concepts 607
5.40.4 Lely Group Revenue 608
5.41 LemnaTec Phenomics 608
5.41.1 LemnaTec Leads the Global Development Of Research Platforms For Digital Plant Phenotyping 610
5.42 Millennial Net 611
5.42.1 Millennial Net Wireless Sensor Network: 612
5.42.2 Millennial Net 1000-Node MeshScape GO Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Agricultural Sensors 613
5.42.3 Millennial Net’s MeshScape GO WSN Technology 614
5.43 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 615
5.43.1 NARO, a Japanese Incorporated Administrative Agency 616
5.43.2 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) third mid-term plan (from 2011 to 2015) 617
5.43.3 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Stable Food Supply 618
5.43.4 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Development For Global-Scale Issues And Climate Change 619
5.43.5 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Development To Create Demand For New Food Products 619
5.43.6 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Development For Utilizing Local Agricultural Resources 620
5.43.7 Japanese National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 620
5.44 Ossian Agro Automation / Nano Ganesh 621
5.45 Parrot/senseFly 624
5.45.1 Parrot Group / senseFly 624
5.45.2 Parrot Group senseFly CTI Certified 625
5.45.3 Parrot Drone First Quarter Sales For 2015 Up 356 Percent 626
5.45.4 Parrot / SenseFly 628
5.46 Precise Path Robotics 629
5.47 Robotic Harvesting 630
5.48 SAGA – Swarm Robotics for Agricultural Applications 631
5.49 Sentera 631
5.50 Sicily Tractor Harvesting 632
5.51 Shibuya Seiki 634
5.51.1 Shibuya Kogyo Pharmaceutical Application Examples 635
5.51.2 Shibuya Kogyo Robotic System For Handling Soft Infusion Bags 636
5.51.3 Shibuya Kogyo Robotic Cell Culture System "CellPRO" 636
5.51.4 Shibuya Kogyo Robotic System For Leaflet & Spoon Placement 637
5.51.5 Shibuya Kogyo Robotic Collating System 638
5.51.6 Shibuya Kogyo Automated Aseptic Environmental Monitoring System 639
5.52 Spread 640
5.53 Sustainable Harvest 641
5.54 Tetrelaval 642
5.54.1 DeLaval Sustainable Dairy Farming 643
5.55 Trimble 644
5.55.1 Trimble Business 646
5.56 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 648
5.57 University of California, Davis 649
5.58 Vision Robotics 649
5.59 Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot 650
5.60 Yamaha 651
5.61 Yaskawa 654
5.61.1 Yaskawa Revenue 654
5.61.2 Yaskawa Business 656
5.61.3 YASKAWA Electric Motion Control 657
5.61.4 YASKAWA Electric Robotics 657
5.61.5 YASKAWA Electric System Engineering 657
5.61.6 YASKAWA Electric Information Technology 657
5.61.7 Yaskawa / Motoman 658
5.62 Agricultural Robotic Research Labs 659
5.62.1 Agricultural Robotic Companies 660
5.62.2 IEEE Agricultural Technical Committee 660
5.62.3 Agricultural Robotic Conferences 660
5.62.4 Agricultural Robotic Publications 661
5.62.5 Selected VC Funding In Robotics 661
WinterGreen Research, 664
WinterGreen Research Research Methodology 665

List of Figures

Figure 1. Agricultural Robots Functions 44
Figure 2. Agricultural Robot Market Driving Forces Employment Opportunity 45
Figure 3. Agrobot Strawberry Picker 46
Figure 4. Agricultural Robot Market Driving Forces 48
Figure 5. Agricultural Robot Target Markets 49
Figure 6. Robotic Agricultural Trends 51
Figure 7. Agriculture Robotic Activities 52
Figure 8. Market Forces for Agricultural Modernization 53
Figure 9. Robotics – State of the Art Advantages 53
Figure 10. Agricultural Robot Challenges 54
Figure 11. Agricultural Robot Market Segments 56
Figure 12. Agricultural Robot Technologies 57
Figure 13. Agricultural Robot Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 60
Figure 14. Digital Farms a Reality 64
Figure 15. Transitioning To Precision Agricultural Methods 65
Figure 16. Precision Agricultural Functions 66
Figure 17. Precision Agricultural Vehicles 67
Figure 18. Digital Farm Characteristics 67
Figure 19. Precision Agriculture Data Types 68
Figure 20. Aspects of Agricultural Sector Modernization 71
Figure 21. Agricultural Robotics Positioned To Meet The Increasing Demands For Food And Bioenergy 75
Figure 22. Autonomous Orchard Vehicle 80
Figure 23. Automated Picker Machine 81
Figure 24. Nursery Robot Benefits 84
Figure 25. Cows Grazing 89
Figure 26. European Union Seventh Framework Program cRops (Clever Robots for Crops) Focus On Harvesting High Value Crops 91
Figure 27. Transformational Agricultural Robots 95
Figure 28. Agricultural Robots Functions 97
Figure 29. Agricultural Robot Market Driving Forces Employment Opportunity 98
Figure 30. Agrobot Strawberry Picker 99
Figure 31. Agricultural Robot Market Driving Forces 101
Figure 32. Agricultural Robot Target Markets 102
Figure 33. Robotic Agriculture Trends 104
Figure 34. Agriculture Robotic Activities 105
Figure 35. Market Forces for Agricultural Modernization 106
Figure 36. Robotics – State of the Art Advantages 106
Figure 37. Agricultural Robot Challenges 107
Figure 38. Agricultural Robot Market Segments 109
Figure 39. Agricultural Robot Technologies 110
Figure 40. Agricultural Robot Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 113
Figure 41. Agricultural Robot Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 114
Figure 42. A Cow Exits the Lely Astronaut A4 Milking Machine 115
Figure 43. Agrobot Strawberry Picker 117
Figure 44. John Deere Autonomous Tractors 120
Figure 45. Agricultural Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023126
Figure 46. Agricultural Robot Market Forecast Worldwide, 2017-2023 127
Figure 47. Agricultural Robot Target Markets 129
Figure 48. Agricultural Robot Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 131
Figure 49. Agricultural Robot Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 132
Figure 50. Agricultural Robot Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2023 133
Figure 51. Agricultural Robot Market Segments, Driverless Tractors, Cow Milking Systems, Process Precision Architecture, and Irrigation Systems Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 134
Figure 52. Agricultural Robot Market Segments, Percent, Worldwide, 2016 135
Figure 53. Process Precision Agricultural Robots Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023 137
Figure 54. Process Precision Agricultural Robot Segments, Wheat, Rice, and Corn Harvesting, Grape and Other Pruning and Harvesting, Golf Course and Lawn Mowing, Nursery Management, Seeding, Planting, Fertilizing, Spraying, Drone Crop Dusting , Dollars, Forecasts, Worldwide, 2017-2023 138
Figure 55. Process Precision Agricultural Robot Segments, Wheat, Rice, and Corn Harvesting, Grape and Other Pruning and Harvesting, Golf Course and Lawn Mowing, Nursery Management, Seeding, Planting, Fertilizing, Spraying, Drone Crop Dusting , Percent , Forecasts, Worldwide, 2017-2023 139
Figure 56. Agricultural Robots for Ornamental Plant Handling Benefits 141
Figure 57. UC Davis Using Yahama Helicopter Drones For Crop Dusting 142
Figure 58. Yahama Crop Duster 144
Figure 59. Distributed Robotics Garden 146
Figure 60. Modernized Agriculture Telegarden, As Installed At Ars Electronica 148
Figure 61. Agricultural Robot Self Driving Tractor Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023 152
Figure 62. Multiple Small Intelligent Machines Replace Large Manned Tractors154
Figure 63. Agricultural Cow Milking Robot Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 156
Figure 64. Lely Automatic Milking 157
Figure 65. Agricultural Irrigation Robots Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023 159
Figure 66. Agriculture and Weather Internet of Things (IoT) Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2024 161
Figure 67. Agriculture and Weather, Internet of Things Market Segments, Dollars, Forecast, Worldwide, 2017-2023 162
Figure 68. Two Billion Sensors Used In Farms Globally by End of Forecast Period 165
Figure 69. Agriculture Internet of Things: Venture Investment 166
Figure 70. Agricultural Sector The Technological Development of Internet of Things 168
Figure 71. Drone Low Altitude Tracking and Avoidance Systems 170
Figure 72. IoT Integrated Pest Management or Control 172
Figure 73. Pest Management & Control Fundamental Modules – 172
Figure 74. IoT Apple Sensing 173
Figure 75. Phenonet Project by Open IoT Performance Goals 174
Figure 76. CLAAS IoT Equipment 175
Figure 77. Voluntary Cow Traffic Benefits 178
Figure 78. Cow Traffic System Cubicles ROI Metrics 179
Figure 79. Lely Example of Herd Size and Robots / Farm Worker 180
Figure 80. Roles of Agricultural Robots 181
Figure 81. Cost Structures and Roles of Agricultural Robots 182
Figure 82. Agricultural Robotic Regional Market Segments, 2016 183
Figure 83. Agricultural Robot Regional Market Segments, 2016 184
Figure 84. John Deere Autonomous Mower 191
Figure 85. John Deere Autonomous Tractors 194
Figure 86. John Deere Autonomous Flexible Use Tractor 195
Figure 87. John Deere Crop Spraying 196
Figure 88. John Deere Autonomous Tractor 197
Figure 89. CNH Industrial Case IH Magnum Autonomous Tractor In Field With A Planter Implement. 200
Figure 90. Kuka Agricultural Robots 201
Figure 91. Kuka Material Handling Robots 201
Figure 92. Kuka Industry Standard Robots Used in Agriculture 202
Figure 93. Kuka Welding Robots in the Agricultural Industry 203
Figure 94. Kuka Robots in the Agricultural Industry 204
Figure 95. Kuka Robots in the Food Processing Industry 206
Figure 96. Kuka Plasma Cutting Robot 208
Figure 97. Fanuc M-3iA Robots Sorting Boxes 209
Figure 98. FANUC Robodrill DiA5 Series 210
Figure 99. FANUC Welding Robots 211
Figure 100. FANUC Material Handling Robots 211
Figure 101. FANUC Plasma Cutting Robot 212
Figure 102. ABB Agricultural Robot Automation Solution 213
Figure 103. ABB Agricultural Robot Benefits 215
Figure 104. ABB Agricultural Robot IoT Sensor Measurements 216
Figure 105. ABB Agricultural Robot IoT Sensor Measurement Tracking 217
Figure 106. ABB Welding Robots 218
Figure 107. ABB Material Handling Robots 218
Figure 108. Bosch BoniRob 219
Figure 109. Bosch BoniRob Robot Functions 221
Figure 110. Bosch BoniRob Features 222
Figure 111. Bosch Deepfield® Connect App Features 223
Figure 112. Bosch Deepfield Connect Image 224
Figure 113. Bosch Deepfield Connect Functions 225
Figure 114. Bosch Deepfield Connect Issues Addressed 226
Figure 115. Bosch Deepfield Connect IoT Temperature Management 227
Figure 116. Bosch Seed Field Testing Automation Process 228
Figure 117. Bosch Seed Field Testing Automation Functions 229
Figure 118. Bosch Seed Field Testing Challenges: 230
Figure 119. Bosch Weeding 231
Figure 120. Bosch Weeding Solutions Advantages: 232
Figure 121. Bosch Recognition of Herbicide Challenges 233
Figure 122. Bosch Solutions Target Weeding Challenges 234
Figure 123. Yaskawa Bottling System with Motoman HP20F 235
Figure 124. Yaskawa Plasma Cutting Robot 236
Figure 125. Yaskawa Robots Used in Agriculture 237
Figure 126. Yaskawa Industrial AC Drives 1/8 thru 1750 Horsepower 238
Figure 127. Yaskawa Specialty Pump Drives 3/4 thru 500 Horsepower 239
Figure 128. Motoman Robot Handling and Palletizing Bags of Livestock Feed 240
Figure 129. Motoman Robot Handling and Palletizing Bags of Livestock Feed Project Challenges 241
Figure 130. Motoman Agriculture Robotics Palletizing Bags Solution 242
Figure 131. Motoman Agricultural Grain Bin Dryer Fan Wheels Project Challenges 243
Figure 132. Motoman Agricultural Grain Bin Dryer Fan Wheels Robotics Solution 244
Figure 133. Motoman Agricultural Irrigation Pipe 245
Figure 134. Motoman Agricultural Irrigation Pipe Project Challenges 246
Figure 135. Motoman Agricultural Irrigation Pipe Robotics Solution 247
Figure 136. Motoman Agricultural Equipment 248
Figure 137. Motoman Agricultural Equipment Project Challenges 250
Figure 138. Motoman Agricultural Equipment Robotics Solution 251
Figure 139. Motoman Round Baler Pickup Frames for Agricultural Equipment 252
Figure 140. Motoman Round Baler Pickup Frames for Agricultural Equipment Project Challenges 253
Figure 141. Motoman Round Baler Pickup Frames for Agricultural Equipment Robotics Solution 254
Figure 142. Motoman Skid Steer Loader Mount Plates 255
Figure 143. Motoman Skid Steer Loader Mount Plates Project Challenges 256
Figure 144. Motoman Skid Steer Loader Mount Plates Robotics Solution 257
Figure 145. Motoman Bags of Livestock Feed 258
Figure 146. Motoman Bags of Livestock Feed Project Challenges 259
Figure 147. Motoman Bags of Livestock Feed Robotics Solution 260
Figure 148. Harvest Automation HV-100 262
Figure 149. Harvest Automation's HV-100 Features 263
Figure 150. Harvest Automation Shrub Robot 264
Figure 151. Harvest Automation Shrub Robot In Garden 265
Figure 152. Harvest Automation Robot Provides Marketplace Sustainability 266
Figure 153. Harvest Automation Shrub Robot Features: 267
Figure 154. Harvest Automation Shrub Robot Functions: 267
Figure 155. Robotic Harvesting of Strawberries 269
Figure 156. Agrobot AGSHydro 270
Figure 157. Agrobot AGSHydro® Fruit Issue Solutions Benefits 271
Figure 158. Agrobot AGSHydro Fruit Growing and Harvesting Functions 272
Figure 159. Agrobot SW 6010 273
Figure 160. Agrobot AGB: Harvesting High Level System 274
Figure 161. Agrobot AG Vision 275
Figure 162. Blue River Technology Visualization Spray Tractor Can Identify Plants And Weeds To Spray Chemicals 276
Figure 163. Blue River Technology High-Throughput, Field-Based Phenotyping Functions 278
Figure 164. Blue River Technology Zea Measurement Functions 279
Figure 165. Blue River Technology Drone-Based Phenotyping Functions 280
Figure 166. Blue River All-In-One Drone Service Functions 281
Figure 167. Blue River All-In-One Drone Measurement Functions 282
Figure 168. Blue River Technology Agricultural Robot 283
Figure 169. Blue River Precision Lettuce Thinning 40/42" Beds Agricultural Robot 284
Figure 170. Blue River Technology Agricultural Robot Functions 285
Figure 171. Blue River Precision Lettuce Thinning - 80/84" beds 286
Figure 172. Blue River Technology Delicate Crop Weeding And Harvesting Machine Functions 288
Figure 173. Blue River Technology Delicate Crop Weeding And Harvesting Machine Benefits 289
Figure 174. LemnaTec Plant Phenotyping Provides Data On Individual Plants 290
Figure 175. LemnaTec Scanalyzer Field Features 292
Figure 176. cRops Robotic Platform Functions 293
Figure 177. cRops Robot System European Project Supporters 294
Figure 178. cRops Robot System 295
Figure 179. cRops Robot Target System 296
Figure 180. Vinobot Robot, with Vinoculer Tower Visible At Right 297
Figure 181. Jaybridge Robotics Assisted Spotting 298
Figure 182. Jaybridge Robotics LDX Haul Truck Automation Advantages 299
Figure 183. Jaybridge Robotics Driverless Tractor 301
Figure 184. Clearpath Robotics Grizzly RUV 307
Figure 185. Clearpath Robotics Grizzly Robot Workhorse Functions 308
Figure 186. Rowbot 310
Figure 187. Rowbot Seeding Cover Crops Functions 312
Figure 188. ecoRobotix Row Weeder 314
Figure 189. Frank Poulsen Engineering Robovator 315
Figure 190. Frank Poulsen Engineering Robovator Specifications 316
Figure 191. Frank Poulsen Engineering Robovator Features 317
Figure 192. Frank Poulsen Engineering Robovator Components 318
Figure 193. Parrot / senseFly eBee SQ 319
Figure 194. senseFly eBee SQ 320
Figure 195. Parrot senseFly eBee Agricultural Drone Functions: 321
Figure 196. AutoProbe Soil Core Sampling Confidence Levels for Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorus 324
Figure 197. IBM / Bari Fishing Market App 329
Figure 198. IBM / Bari Real Time Fishing Market App 330
Figure 199. IBM / Bari Fishing Market Need Matching App 331
Figure 200. Small Tractor Used For Manual Artichokes Harvesting 335
Figure 201. Spensa Technology OpenScout 336
Figure 202. Spensa Technology OpenScout Insights 338
Figure 203. LSU AgBot 340
Figure 204. Harvard Robobee Robot Applications 343
Figure 205. Nature-Inspired Robotic Research Aims 344
Figure 206. Robobee Boby, Brain, Colony 345
Figure 207. Harvard Robobee Propulsive Efficiency 346
Figure 208. Robobee Boby, Brain, Colony 347
Figure 209. Harvard Robobee Studies of Stability And Control In Unsteady, Structured Wakes 349
Figure 210. Harvard Robobee Sensor Networks 350
Figure 211. Harvard Robobee Computationally-Efficient Control System 351
Figure 212. Harvard Robobee Sensor Network Design Challenges 354
Figure 213. Harvard Robobee Challenges In Development Of A Sensor Network 355
Figure 214. Harvard Robobee Sensor Network Context Challenges 356
Figure 215. Harvard Robobee Sensor Network Elements 357
Figure 216. Harvard Robobee Sensor Network Limitations 358
Figure 217. Harvard Robobee Software Language Limitations 359
Figure 218. Harvard Robobee Software Language Current Efforts 360
Figure 219. Robomow RL850 Automatic Lawn Mower 361
Figure 220. MIT Smart Gardener Robot 363
Figure 221. Carnegie Mellon Self-Guided Farm Equipment 365
Figure 222. Carnegie Mellon Self-Guided Equipment Running on Farm 366
Figure 223. Cesar the LettuceBot 367
Figure 224. Benefits of Lettuce Harvesting Robot 368
Figure 225. Rosphere 369
Figure 226. Rosphere Induction Of Forward/Backward And Turning Movements 370
Figure 227. University of California, Davis Robot For Harvesting Strawberries 373
Figure 228. Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot Functions 375
Figure 229. Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot Technology 375
Figure 230. Wall-Ye V.I.N. Robot Features 376
Figure 231. Vision VR Lettuce Thinner 377
Figure 232. Vision Robotics Snippy Robotic Vine Pruner 380
Figure 233. Nogchui Autonomous Tractor Grading, Japan 383
Figure 234. Nogchui Autonomous Tractor Working Field 384
Figure 235. Professor Nogchui Autonomous Tractor Navigation Map Information 387
Figure 236. Microsoft Agricultural Robot Software 388
Figure 237. Herder Robotic Rover 389
Figure 238. Chinese Farmbot Tractor Image 391
Figure 239. 3D Robotics 393
Figure 240. 3D Robotics Drone Spray Application 395
Figure 241. 3D Robotics Uses Pesticides And Fungicides Only When Needed 396
Figure 242. 3D Robotics Data For Marketing 397
Figure 243. 3D Robotics Aerial Views of Crops 398
Figure 244. 3D Robotics Aerial Views Multicopter To Fly Over Vineyards 399
Figure 245. Lely Automatic Milking 400
Figure 246. Astronaut Milking Robot 401
Figure 247. Lely Milking System Farm 404
Figure 248. Lely Cattle Feeding System Farm 405
Figure 249. Lely Automated Process for Managing Milking and Farm 406
Figure 250. Lely Correct Cattle Feeding Management 406
Figure 251. Lely Automated Process Cattle Feeding Management 407
Figure 252. Lely Multi-Barn Cattle Feeding Management 407
Figure 253. Lely Cattle Milking Management 409
Figure 254. Kyoto University Tomato Harvesting Robot 410
Figure 255. Kyoto University Fruit Harvesting Robots In Greenhouse 411
Figure 256. Kyoto University Tomato Cluster Harvesting Robot 412
Figure 257. Kyoto University Strawberry Harvesting Robot In Plant Factory 413
Figure 258. RHEA Robot Fleets for Seeding 416
Figure 259. RHEA Robot Fleet Mapping for Seeding 417
Figure 260. Robot Fleet Deterministic Route Planning for Seeding 418
Figure 261. Orthogonal Inter Row Mechanical Weeding for Organic Farming 419
Figure 262. HGCA Laser Weeding 420
Figure 263. RHEA Laser Weeding 421
Figure 264. RHEA Horibot Cutter and Sprayer 422
Figure 265. RHEA Broad leafed Weed Sensing And Spraying 423
Figure 266. RHEA Broad Leafed Weed Sensing And Spraying 424
Figure 267. RHEA Multiple Small Intelligent Machines Replace Large Manned Tractors 425
Figure 268. RHEA Cooperative Fleet Of Robots 426
Figure 269. RHEA Hexacopter (Aerial Mobile Unit) 427
Figure 270. FarmBot 429
Figure 271. Adigo Field Flux Robot 430
Figure 272. Adigo Field Flux Robot Features 431
Figure 273. SAGA Concept 433
Figure 274. DJI Innovations AGRAS MG-1 435
Figure 275. HoneyComb 438
Figure 276. Drones Use in Agriculture 441
Figure 277. Cyphy Works PARC 442
Figure 278. Cyphy Works Pocket Flyer 444
Figure 279. Sentera Phoenix 2 UAV 446
Figure 280. Sentera Omni UAV 448
Figure 281. Sentera AgVault Drones Supported 450
Figure 282. Adigo Autonomous Robot Determines the Amount of N2O Emitted From Fertilizers As Greenhouse Gases 455
Figure 283. Harvest Automation Proprietary Sensor Technology Functions 457
Figure 284. Harvest Automation Robot System Architecture 458
Figure 285. Proprietary Sensor Technology 459
Figure 286. System Design & Architecture 459
Figure 287. GPS/GNSS 460
Figure 288. Follow Me Robotic Tractors 462
Figure 289. Irrigation Innovation 463
Figure 290. Precision Irrigation Robotic Technologies Functions 464
Figure 291. GreenSeeker Sensors 466
Figure 292. Variable-Rate Application (VRA) Seeding 468
Figure 293. Weather Modeling 470
Figure 294. Tight Scientific Collaboration Between Different Disciplines 479
Figure 295. IEEE Agricultural Robots 480
Figure 296. IEEE Orchard Robots 481
Figure 297. IEEE Automated Agricultural Robot 482
Figure 298. ABB Product Launches 491
Figure 299. ABB Global Lab Target Technologies 492
Figure 300. ABB's Global Lab Automation Target Solutions 493
Figure 301. ABB Active Current Research Areas 494
Figure 302. Agrobot Strawberry Picker 503
Figure 303. Agrobot Strawberry Picker 504
Figure 304. Agrobot Robot for Agriculture 505
Figure 305. Agrobot Innovation and Technology for Agribusiness 506
Figure 306. Agrobot Innovation and Technology for Agribusiness 506
Figure 307. Agrobot SW6010 Support 507
Figure 308. Autonomous Tractors Traverse Fields 509
Figure 309. Clearpath Farm Robot 513
Figure 310. Clearpath Robots 514
Figure 311. Rowbots Work In Teams To Apply Nitrogen Fertilizer In Sync With Corn Needs 517
Figure 312. Crops Technology Functions 521
Figure 313. cRops Intelligent Tools 521
Figure 314. cRops Target Markets 522
Figure 315. cRops Robotic Platform Customized Automated Processes 522
Figure 316. CyPhy Works PARC Drone 524
Figure 317. Cyphy Drone FLyer 525
Figure 318. Cyphy Pocket Flyer Key Benefits 527
Figure 319. Cyphy Pocket Flyer Specifications 528
Figure 320. Cyphy Spooling MicroFilament 530
Figure 321. DJI Phantom 533
Figure 322. Fanuc Revenue 537
Figure 323. FarmBot Open Source Functions 538
Figure 324. FarmBot Weather Tools 540
Figure 325. FarmBot Off-Grid Capability 541
Figure 326. FarmBot Agricultural Lights 542
Figure 327. Frank Poulsen Weed Robots 543
Figure 328. Boston Dynamic LS3 546
Figure 329. Boston Dynamic CHEETAH 547
Figure 330. Boston Dynamic Atlas 549
Figure 331. Boston Dynamic BigDog 551
Figure 332. Boston Dynamics LittleDog - 553
Figure 333. Google Autonomous Vehicles Technology 555
Figure 334. Harvard Robobee Project Characteristics 564
Figure 335. Harvard Robobee Kilobot Robot Group 566
Figure 336. Harvest Automation Robot Navigation 570
Figure 337. Harvest Automation Robot Sensor Network Functions 571
Figure 338. iRobot Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year Financial Results 582
Figure 339. Jaybridge Robotics Software Solutions 586
Figure 340. Jaybridge Robotics Software Functions 586
Figure 341. Deere Seed Spreading Machine 592
Figure 342. Kuka Global Presence 595
Figure 343. Kuka Positioning with Smart Tools 599
Figure 344. A cow exits the Lely Astronaut A4 Milking Machine 603
Figure 345. Lely’s Astronaut A4 Milking Robot 605
Figure 346. Lely Astronaut Milking Robot 607
Figure 347. LemnaTec Plant Phenotyping Provides Data On Individual Plants, LemnaTec Phenomics 609
Figure 348. LemnaTec Customer References 610
Figure 349. Millennial Net’s MeshScape System Functions 614
Figure 350. MeshScape GO Deployment Components: 615
Figure 351. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Plan Goals 617
Figure 352. Parrot Consumer Drone 626
Figure 353. Precise Path Robotics 629
Figure 354. Sicily Small Tractor Used For Manual Artichoke Harvesting 633
Figure 355. Shibuya Kogyo Robotic System For Leaflet & Spoon Placement 637
Figure 356. Shibuya Kogyo Robotic Collating System 638
Figure 357. Shibuya Kogyo Automated Aseptic Environmental Monitoring System 639
Figure 358. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Projects 648
Figure 359. Vision Robotics Provides Assistance In Developing Robots 650
Figure 360. UC Davis Using Yahama Helicopter Drones For Crop Dusting 651
Figure 361. Yamaha Crop Dusting Initiatives 652
Figure 362. YASKAWA Electric Group Businesses 656 

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