Toll Free: 1-888-928-9744

2013-2028 Report on Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market by Player, Region, Type, Application and Sales Channel

Published: Jul, 2019 | Pages: 124 | Publisher: MAResearch
Industry: Machinery | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)

The global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery market was valued at $XX million in 2018, and MAResearch analysts predict the global market size will reach $XX million by the end of 2028, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2028.

This report provides detailed historical analysis of global market for Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery from 2013-2018, and provides extensive market forecasts from 2019-2028 by region/country and subsectors. It covers the sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin, historical growth and future perspectives in the Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery market.

Leading players of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery including:
    Panasonic (Sanyo)
    Samsung SDI
    LG Chem
    Sony
    Wanxiang (A123 Systems)
    Hitachi
    Tianjin Lishen
    Hefei Guoxuan
    Dongguan Large Electronics
    OptimumNano
    DLG Electronics
    Zhuoneng New Energy
    CHAM BATTERY
    Padre Electronic

Market split by Type, can be divided into:
    LiCoO2 Battery
    NMC/NCA
    LiFePO4 Battery
    Others

Market split by Application, can be divided into:
    Power Banks
    Laptop Battery Packs
    Electric Vehicles
    Flashlights
    Cordless Power Tools
    Others

Market split by Sales Channel, can be divided into:
    Direct Channel
    Distribution Channel

Market segment by Region/Country including:
    North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
    Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia and Spain etc.)
    Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia and Southeast Asia etc.)
    South America Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Chile etc.)
    Middle East & Africa (South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia etc.)

If you have any special requirement, please let us know and we can provide you the report as your requirement.

 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Overview
    1.1 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Definition
    1.2 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size Status and Outlook (2013-2028)
    1.3 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size Comparison by Region (2013-2028)
    1.4 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size Comparison by Type (2013-2028)
    1.5 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size Comparison by Application (2013-2028)
    1.6 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size Comparison by Sales Channel (2013-2028)
    1.7 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Dynamics
        1.7.1 Market Drivers/Opportunities
        1.7.2 Market Challenges/Risks
        1.7.3 Market News (Mergers/Acquisitions/ Expansion)
Chapter 2 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Segment Analysis by Player
    2.1 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
    2.2 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue and Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
    2.3 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Average Price by Player (2016-2018)
    2.4 Players Competition Situation & Trends
    2.5 Conclusion of Segment by Player
Chapter 3 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Segment Analysis by Type
    3.1 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market by Type
        3.1.1 LiCoO2 Battery
        3.1.2 NMC/NCA
        3.1.3 LiFePO4 Battery
        3.1.4 Others
    3.2 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
    3.3 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
    3.4 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Average Price by Type (2013-2018)
    3.5 Leading Players of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery by Type in 2018
    3.6 Conclusion of Segment by Type
Chapter 4 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Segment Analysis by Application
    4.1 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market by Application
        4.1.1 Power Banks
        4.1.2 Laptop Battery Packs
        4.1.3 Electric Vehicles
        4.1.4 Flashlights
        4.1.5 Cordless Power Tools
    4.2 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
    4.3 Leading Consumers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery by Application in 2018
    4.4 Conclusion of Segment by Application
Chapter 5 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Segment Analysis by Sales Channel
    5.1 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market by Sales Channel
        5.1.1 Direct Channel
        5.1.2 Distribution Channel
    5.2 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Market Share by Sales Channel (2013-2018)
    5.3 Leading Distributors/Dealers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery by Sales Channel in 2018
    5.4 Conclusion of Segment by Sales Channel
Chapter 6 Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Segment Analysis by Region
    6.1 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR by Region (2013-2028)
    6.2 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
    6.3 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
    6.4 North America
        6.4.1 North America Market by Country
        6.4.2 North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Type
        6.4.3 North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Application
        6.4.4 United States
        6.4.5 Canada
        6.4.6 Mexico
    6.5 Europe
        6.5.1 Europe Market by Country
        6.5.2 Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Type
        6.5.3 Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Application
        6.5.4 Germany
        6.5.5 UK
        6.5.6 France
        6.5.7 Italy
        6.5.8 Russia
        6.5.9 Spain
    6.6 Asia-Pacific
        6.6.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Country
        6.6.2 Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Type
        6.6.3 Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Application
        6.6.4 China
        6.6.5 Japan
        6.6.6 Korea
        6.6.7 India
        6.6.8 Southeast Asia
        6.6.9 Australia
    6.7 South America
        6.7.1 South America Market by Country
        6.7.2 South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Type
        6.7.3 South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Application
        6.7.4 Brazil
        6.7.5 Argentina
        6.7.6 Colombia
        6.7.7 Chile
    6.8 Middle East & Africa
        6.8.1 Middle East & Africa Market by Country
        6.8.2 Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Type
        6.8.3 Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Share by Application
        6.8.4 Egypt
        6.8.5 Saudi Arabia
        6.8.6 South Africa
        6.8.7 Nigeria
    6.9 Conclusion of Segment by Region
Chapter 7 Profile of Leading Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Players
    7.1 Panasonic (Sanyo)
        7.1.1 Company Snapshot
        7.1.2 Product/Business Offered
        7.1.3 Business Performance (Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share)
        7.1.4 Strategy and SWOT Analysis
    7.2 Samsung SDI
    7.3 LG Chem
    7.4 Sony
    7.5 Wanxiang (A123 Systems)
    7.6 Hitachi
    7.7 Tianjin Lishen
    7.8 Hefei Guoxuan
    7.9 Dongguan Large Electronics
    7.10 OptimumNano
    7.11 DLG Electronics
    7.12 Zhuoneng New Energy
    7.13 CHAM BATTERY
    7.14 Padre Electronic
Chapter 8 Upstream and Downstream Analysis of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
    8.1 Industrial Chain of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
    8.2 Upstream of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
        8.2.1 Raw Materials
        8.2.2 Labor Cost
        8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
        8.2.4 Manufacturing Cost Structure
        8.2.5 Manufacturing Process
    8.3 Downstream of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
        8.3.1 Leading Distributors/Dealers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
        8.3.2 Leading Consumers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
Chapter 9 Development Trend of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery (2019-2028)
    9.1 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size (Sales and Revenue) Forecast (2019-2028)
    9.2 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Region (2019-2028)
    9.3 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Type (2019-2028)
    9.4 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Application (2019-2028)
    9.5 Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size Forecast by Sales Channel (2019-2028)
Chapter 10 Appendix
    10.1 Research Methodology
    10.2 Data Sources
    10.3 Disclaimer
    10.4 Analysts Certification

List of Tables and Figures

    Figure Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Example
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) Status and Outlook (2013-2028)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) Comparison by Region (2013-2028)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Comparison by Type (2013-2028)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Comparison by Application (2013-2028)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Comparison by Sales Channel (2013-2028)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Player (2016-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Player in 2018
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) by Player (2016-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Player in 2018
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Average Price by Player (2016-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Average Price by Player in 2018
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Players Competition Situation - Top 5 Players' Revenue Market Share in 2016
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Players Competition Trends - Top 5 Players' Revenue Market Share in 2018
    Figure Example of LiCoO2 Battery
    Figure Global LiCoO2 Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of NMC/NCA
    Figure Global NMC/NCA Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of LiFePO4 Battery
    Figure Global LiFePO4 Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of Others
    Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Type (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) by Type (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Average Price by Type (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Average Price by Type in 2018
    Table Leading Players of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery by Type in 2018
    Figure Example of Power Banks
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery for Power Banks Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of Laptop Battery Packs
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery for Laptop Battery Packs Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of Electric Vehicles
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of Flashlights
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery for Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of Cordless Power Tools
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery for Cordless Power Tools Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Application (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
    Table Leading Consumers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery by Application in 2018
    Figure Example of Direct Channel
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery for Direct Channel Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Example of Distribution Channel
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery for Distribution Channel Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Sales Channel (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Sales Channel (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Sales Channel in 2018
    Table Leading Distributors/Dealers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery by Sales Channel in 2018
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR by Region (2013-2028)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Region (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Region in 2018
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) by Region (2013-2018)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Region in 2018
    Table North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Table North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
    Figure North America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
    Figure United States Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure United States Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Canada Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Canada Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Mexico Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Mexico Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Table Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
    Figure Europe Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
    Figure Germany Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Germany Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure UK Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure UK Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure France Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure France Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Italy Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Italy Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Russia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Russia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Spain Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Spain Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Table Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
    Figure Asia-Pacific Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
    Figure China Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure China Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Japan Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Japan Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Korea Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Korea Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure India Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure India Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Southeast Asia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Southeast Asia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Australia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Australia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Table South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
    Figure South America Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
    Figure Brazil Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Brazil Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Argentina Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Argentina Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Colombia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Colombia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Chile Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Chile Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Table Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
    Figure Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
    Figure Middle East & Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
    Figure Egypt Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Egypt Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Saudi Arabia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Saudi Arabia Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure South Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure South Africa Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Nigeria Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Nigeria Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Company Snapshot of Panasonic (Sanyo)
    Table Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Introduction of Panasonic (Sanyo)
    Table Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share of Panasonic (Sanyo) (2016-2018)
    Table Industrial Chain of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
    Table Manufacturing Cost Structure of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
    Table General Manufacturing Process of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
    Table Leading Distributors/Dealers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
    Table Leading Consumers of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2028)
    Figure Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2028)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Region (2019-2028)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Type (2019-2028)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Application (2019-2028)
    Table Global Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Sales Channel (2019-2028)

    
 



                                

To request a free sample copy of this report, please complete the form below.

We never share your personal data. Privacy policy
Interested in this report? Get your FREE sample now! Get a Free Sample
Choose License Type
Single User - US $2500
Multi User - US $5000
Hexareeasearch Know

Did you know?

Research Assistance

Phone: 1-415-349-0054

Toll Free: 1-888-928-9744

Email: [email protected]

Why to buy from us

Custom research service

Speak to the report author to design an exclusive study to serve your research needs.

Information security

Your personal and confidential information is safe and secure.

verify