Quality Management Software Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application, By Deployment (Cloud, On-premise), By Company Size, By Solution, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2019 - 2025

Published: May, 2019 | Pages: 109 | Publisher: Grand View Research
Industry: Technology & Media | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)

The global quality management software market size is estimated to reach USD 13.9 billion by 2025, registering a CAGR of 9.8% from 2019 to 2025, according to a new study by Grand View Research, Inc. Quality Management Software (QMS) is used to better manage and control quality concerns regarding performance, customer satisfaction, and competitiveness of the organization. This is done by the controlling processes as well as products for consistent quality assurance, reducing the quality gap between manufacturing practices and end-product expectations, tracking of deviations, and ensuring compliances. Increasing advancement in functionality of solution is anticipated to further boost the growth.

The QMS market is expected to witness tremendous growth due to increasing demand for effective management of organizational processes and the need for meeting consumer expectations in a highly competitive market. Technological advancements in IT and Telecom as well as automation of transportation and logistics industry is driving the growth of the quality management software market.

Quality management software offers numerous functionalities including handling of non-conformances, out of specification test results, calibration, ensuring compliance as well as a centralized system that ensures connection to organizations’ Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems. All these capabilities coupled with the reduction in costs, are energizing the adoption of quality management software across a wide range of industries.

The flexibility and mobility offered by quality management software in solutions like document control and non-conformance issue resolving is driving the demand for QMS software in large enterprises, contributing to new functionalities being added to the software every day. The increasing demand for cloud based QMS solutions due to implied scalability and accessibility is a major factor for increasing popularity of quality management software.

Further key findings from the report suggest: 

• Cloud technology is gaining popularity among cost-sensitive customers and small and medium enterprises. The numerous benefits cloud based QMS offers without incurring additional costs is helping the market grow

• Globalization and the need for complying with international standards for products as well as processes has brought out the necessity of quality management systems to deal with increased pressure of numerous regulations and directives. This is an important factor affecting the spread of versatile and customized quality management solutions across industries

• MasterControl, Inc.; Sparta Systems, Inc.; SAP SE; and PSC Software Company are some of the major players operating in the quality management software market. Other key vendors are Aras Corporation; Arena Solutions Inc.; Autodesk Inc.; Dassault Systemes SE; Siemens AG; Oracle Corporation; Parasoft Corporation; Microsoft Corporation;and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Co.

 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Methodology and Scope
                   1.1 Research methodology
                   1.2 Research scope and assumptions
                   1.3 List of data sources

Chapter 2 Executive Summary
                   2.1 Quality management software- Industry snapshot and key buying criteria, 2014 - 2025

Chapter 3 Quality Management Software Industry Outlook
                   3.1 Market segmentation
                   3.2 Market size and growth prospects
                   3.3 Quality management software value chain analysis
                       3.3.1 Vendor landscape
                   3.4 Quality management software market dynamics
                       3.4.1 Market driver analysis
                           3.4.1.1 Growing Need for improving organizational effectiveness
                           3.4.1.2 Increasing demand in application segments
                           3.4.1.3 Rising demand for reducing the total cost of production by improving quality
                       3.4.2 Market challenge analysis
                           3.4.2.1 Security threats involved in cloud-based platforms
                   3.5 Key opportunities - Prioritized
                   3.6 Industry analysis - Porter’s
                   3.7 Quality management software competitor analysis, 2015
                   3.8 Product benchmarking
                   3.9 Quality management software PESTEL analysis
                   3.10 Vendor Selection Criteria
                   3.11 Regulatory framework
                   3.12 Vendor ecosystem

Chapter 4 Quality Management Software Application Outlook
                   4.1 Quality management software market share by application, 2016 & 2025
                   4.2 IT and telecom
                       4.2.1 Global IT and telecom QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   4.3 Transportation and logistics
                       4.3.1 Global transportation and logistics QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   4.4 Consumer goods and retail
                       4.4.1 Global consumer goods and retail QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   4.5 Defense and aerospace
                       4.5.1 Global defense and aerospace QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   4.6 Manufacturing
                       4.6.1 Global manufacturing QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   4.7 Healthcare
                       4.7.1 Global healthcare QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   4.8 Others
                       4.8.1 Global others QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025

Chapter 5 Quality Management Software Solution Outlook
                   5.1 Quality management software market share by solution, 2016 & 2025
                   5.2 Audit management
                       5.2.1 Global audit management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.3 Calibration management
                       5.3.1 Global calibration management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.4 Change management
                       5.4.1 Global change management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.5 Complaint handling
                       5.5.1 Global complaint handling QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.6 Document control
                       5.6.1 Global document control QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.7 Employee training
                       5.7.1 Global employee training QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.8 Non-conformances/corrective & preventative
                       5.8.1 Global non-conformances/corrective & preventative QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.9 Supplier quality management
                       5.9.1 Global supplier quality management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   5.10 Others
                       5.10.1 Global other QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025

Chapter 6 Quality Management Software Deployment Outlook
                   6.1 Quality management software market share by deployment, 2016 & 2025
                   6.2 On-premise
                       6.2.1 Global on-premise QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   6.3 Cloud-based
                       6.3.1 Global cloud-based QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025

Chapter 7 Quality Management Software Company Size Outlook
                   7.1 Quality management software market share by company size, 2016 & 2025
                   7.2 Small and medium enterprise
                       7.2.1 Global small and medium enterprise QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025
                   7.3 Large enterprise
                       7.3.1 Global large enterprise QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025

Chapter 8 Quality Management Software Regional Outlook
                   8.1 Quality management software market share by region, 2016 & 2025
                   8.2 North America
                       8.2.1 North America QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                       8.2.2 North America QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                       8.2.3 North America QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                       8.2.4 North America QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.2.5 U.S.
                           8.2.5.1 U.S. QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.2.5.2 U.S. QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.2.5.3 U.S. QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.2.5.4 U.S. QMS market by company Size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.2.6 Canada
                           8.2.6.1 Canada QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.2.6.2 Canada QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.2.6.3 Canada QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.2.6.4 Canada QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                   8.3 Europe
                       8.3.1 Europe QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                       8.3.2 Europe QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                       8.3.3 Europe QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                       8.3.4 Europe QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.3.5 Germany
                           8.3.5.1 Germany QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.3.5.2 Germany QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.3.5.3 Germany QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.3.5.4 Germany QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.3.6 U.K.
                           8.3.6.1 U.K. QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.3.6.2 U.K. QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.3.6.3 U.K. QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.3.6.4 U.K. QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                   8.4 Asia Pacific
                       8.4.1 Asia Pacific QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                       8.4.2 Asia Pacific QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                       8.4.3 Asia Pacific QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                       8.4.4 Asia Pacific QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.4.5 China
                           8.4.5.1 China QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.5.2 China QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.5.3 China QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.5.4 China QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.4.6 India
                           8.4.6.1 India QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.6.2 India QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.6.3 India QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.6.4 India QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.4.7 Japan
                           8.4.7.1 Japan QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.7.2 Japan QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.7.3 Japan QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.4.7.4 Japan QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                   8.5 Latin America
                       8.5.1 Latin America QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                       8.5.2 Latin America QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                       8.5.3 Latin America QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                       8.5.4 Latin America QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.5.5 Brazil
                           8.5.5.1 Brazil QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.5.5.2 Brazil QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.5.5.3 Brazil QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.5.5.4 Brazil QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                       8.5.6 Mexico
                           8.5.6.1 Mexico QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                           8.5.6.2 Mexico QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                           8.5.6.3 Mexico QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                           8.5.6.4 Mexico QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025
                   8.6 Middle East and Africa
                       8.6.1 Middle East and Africa QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025
                       8.6.2 Middle East and Africa QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025
                       8.6.3 Middle East and Africa QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025
                       8.6.4 Middle East and Africa QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025

Chapter 9 Competitive Landscape
                   9.1 Sparta Systems Inc.
                       9.1.1 Company overview
                       9.1.2 Financial performance
                       9.1.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.1.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.2 MasterControl, Inc.
                       9.2.1 Company overview
                       9.2.2 Financial performance
                       9.2.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.2.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.3 SAP SE
                       9.3.1 Company overview
                       9.3.2 Financial performance
                       9.3.3 Product benchmarking
                   9.4 Arena Solutions, Inc.
                       9.4.1 Company overview
                       9.4.2 Financial performance
                       9.4.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.4.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.5 Plex Systems, Inc.
                       9.5.1 Company overview
                       9.5.2 Financial performance
                       9.5.3 Product benchmarking
                   9.6 Cority Software Inc.
                       9.6.1 Company overview
                       9.6.2 Financial performance
                       9.6.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.6.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.7 Enablon (Wolters Kluwer N.V.)
                       9.7.1 Company overview
                       9.7.2 Financial performance
                       9.7.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.7.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.8 QT9 Software
                       9.8.1 Company overview
                       9.8.2 Product benchmarking
                   9.9 Biovia Corp (Dassault Systemes SE)
                       9.9.1 Company overview
                       9.9.2 Product benchmarking
                   9.10 Iqms, Inc.
                       9.10.1 Company overview
                       9.10.2 Financial performance
                       9.10.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.10.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.11 MetricStream, Inc.
                       9.11.1 Company overview
                       9.11.2 Financial performance
                       9.11.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.11.4 Strategic initiative
                   9.12 Pilgrim Quality Solution, Inc.
                       9.12.1 Company overview
                       9.12.2 Financial performance
                       9.12.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.12.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.13 Unipoint Software, Inc.
                       9.13.1 Company overview
                       9.13.2 Financial performance
                       9.13.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.13.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.14 Dassault Systemes SE
                       9.14.1 Company overview
                       9.14.2 Financial performance
                       9.14.3 Product benchmarking
                   9.15 EtQ Management Consultants, Inc.
                       9.15.1 Company overview
                       9.15.2 Financial performance
                       9.15.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.15.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.16 Verse Solutions, Inc.
                       9.16.1 Company overview
                       9.16.2 Financial performance
                       9.16.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.16.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.17 Microsoft Corporation
                       9.17.1 Company overview
                       9.17.2 Financial performance
                       9.17.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.17.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.18 Oracle Corporation
                       9.18.1 Company overview
                       9.18.2 Financial performance
                       9.18.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.18.4 Strategic initiatives
                   9.19 Siemens AG
                       9.19.1 Company overview
                       9.19.2 Financial performance
                       9.19.3 Product benchmarking
                       9.19.4 Strategic Initiatives

List of Tables

TABLE 1 Quality management software - Industry snapshot and key buying criteria, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 2 Global quality management software market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 3 Global quality management software market by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 4 Global quality management software market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 5 Global quality management software market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 6 Global quality management software market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 7 Global quality management software market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 8 Vendor Landscape
TABLE 9 Key regulations affecting quality management software market:
TABLE 10 Quality management software– Key market driver impact
TABLE 11 Quality management– Key market challenge impact
TABLE 12 List of key vendor
TABLE 13 Product benchmarking
TABLE 14 IT and telecom QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 15 Global IT and telecom QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 16 Transportation and logistics QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 17 Global transportation and logistics QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 18 Consumer goods and retail QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 19 Global consumer goods and retail QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 20 Defense and aerospace QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 21 Global defense and aerospace QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 22 Manufacturing QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 23 Global manufacturing QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 24 Healthcare QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 25 Global healthcare QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 26 Others QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 27 Global others QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 28 Audit management QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 29 Global audit management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 30 Calibration management QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 31 Global calibration management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 32 Change management QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 33 Global change management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 34 Complaint handling QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 35 Global complaint handling QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 36 Document control QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 37 Global document control QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 38 Employee training QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 39 Global employee training QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 40 Non-conformances/corrective & preventative QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 41 Global non-conformances/corrective & preventative QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 42 Supplier quality management QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 43 Global supplier quality management QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 44 Other QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 45 Global other QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 46 On-premise QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 47 Global on-premise QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 48 Cloud-based QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 49 Global cloud-based QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 50 Small and medium enterprise QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 51 Global small and medium enterprise QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 52 Large enterprise QMS demand, 2014 - 2025
TABLE 53 Global large enterprise QMS demand by region, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 54 North America QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 55 North America QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 56 North America QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 57 North America QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 58 North America QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 59 U.S. QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 60 U.S. QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 61 U.S. QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 62 U.S. QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 63 U.S. QMS market by company Size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 64 Canada QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 65 Canada QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 66 Canada QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 67 Canada QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 68 Canada QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 69 Europe QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 70 Europe QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 71 Europe QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 72 Europe QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 73 Europe QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 74 Germany QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 75 Germany QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 76 Germany QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 77 Germany QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 78 Germany QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 79 TABLE 26 U.K. QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 80 U.K. QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 81 U.K. QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 82 U.K. QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 83 U.K.. QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 84 Asia Pacific QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 85 Asia Pacific QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 86 Asia Pacific QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 87 Asia Pacific QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 88 Asia Pacific QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 89 China QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 90 China QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 91 China QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 92 China QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 93 China QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 94 India QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 95 India QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 96 India QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 97 India QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 98 India QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 99 Japan QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 100 Japan QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 101 Japan QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 102 Japan QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 103 Japan QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 104 Latin America QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 105 Latin America QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 106 Latin America QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 107 Latin America QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 108 Latin America QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 109 Brazil QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 110 Brazil QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 111 Brazil QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 112 Brazil QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 113 Brazil QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 114 Mexico QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 115 Mexico QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 116 Mexico QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 117 Mexico QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 118 Mexico QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 119 Middle East and Africa QMS market, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 120 Middle East and Africa QMS market by application, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 121 Middle East and Africa QMS market by solution, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 122 Middle East and Africa QMS market by deployment, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)
TABLE 123 Middle East and Africa QMS market by company size, 2014 - 2025 (USD Million)

List of Figures

FIG. 1 Quality management software market segmentation
FIG. 2 Global quality management software market, (USD Million), 2014 - 2025
FIG. 3 Quality management software value chain analysis
FIG. 4 Quality management software market dynamics
FIG. 5 Key opportunities prioritized
FIG. 6 Quality management software - Porter’s analysis
FIG. 7 Quality management software product benchmarking
FIG. 8 Quality management software PESTEL analysis
FIG. 9 Quality management software market share by application, 2018 & 2025
FIG. 10 Quality management software market share by solution, 2018 & 2025
FIG. 11 Quality management software market share by deployment, 2018 & 2025
FIG. 12 Quality management software market share by company size, 2018 & 2025
FIG. 13 Quality management software market share by region, 2018 & 2025